{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:57:47Z","timestamp":1790791067457,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003995","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2408085QE173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2408085QE173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52404258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52404258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011309","name":"State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZJUCEU2025009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZJUCEU2025009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011309","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WK2320250077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WK2320250077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Thermal runaway and its propagation in lithium\u2010ion battery packs pose significant safety risks to energy storage systems. While complete immersion in water\u2010based agents is an effective suppression strategy, conventional agents often fail to achieve sustained battery encapsulation because of low viscosity and rapid runoff. In this study, we report a thermally accelerated in situ crosslinking strategy to create an alginate gel foam for excellent battery fire suppression and propagation prevention. Our approach utilizes nano\u2010CaCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    as a dormant calcium ion source and \u03b4\u2010gluconolactone (GDL) as a slow acidifier. At ambient temperature, the extremely low solubility of nano\u2010CaCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    results in slow Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    release in aqueous solution, with the mixture maintaining low viscosity and excellent foamability. After exposure to battery fire, GDL hydrolysis is accelerated, causing rapid nano\u2010CaCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    dissociation, Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    release, and, subsequently, rapid ionic crosslinking of the alginate, which transforms the aqueous foam into a stable, adhesive gel foam. In full\u2010scale tests, we determined that this gel foam extinguishes single\u2010cell fires rapidly and significantly inhibits thermal runaway propagation (TRP) in multi\u2010cell modules, outperforming water mist, water spray, and commercial aqueous film\u2010forming foam (AFFF). This stimulus\u2010responsive alginate gel foam offers a promising strategy for increasing the safety of lithium\u2010ion batteries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.77882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T18:00:31Z","timestamp":1790532031000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Situ Generation of Gel Foam via Heat\u2010Accelerated Calcium Ion Release From Nano\u2010CaCO\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    for Lithium\u2010Ion Battery Fire Suppression and Prevention"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8219-3537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyang","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China  Hefei 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Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126577"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etran.2025.100429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2025.116056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2024.105632"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2024.105316"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2026.106357"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2026.03.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202507825"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2025.07.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202506808"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202413362"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2021.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2025.105800"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2022.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2025.106999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smm2.1275"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/polymscitech.5c00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010019\u20101645\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2024.133990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142\u20109612(00)00201\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reactfunctpolym.2023.105676"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2024.127827"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smm2.1232"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.180"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202528757"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202501094"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122837"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2024.105375"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsep.2025.104148"}],"container-title":["Advanced 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