{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:00:55Z","timestamp":1790672455028,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Reservoir computing (RC) offers a promising route to real\u2010time temporal information processing and is widely regarded as an energy\u2010efficient alternative to conventional von Neumann architectures. Paradoxically, many hardware RC systems have yet to demonstrate clear advantages in both array\u2010level energy efficiency and processing speed, despite these being among the field's central motivations. Furthermore, their practical viability is limited by structural complexity and insufficient robustness. Here, we report a reconfigurable, dynamic random\u2010access memory (DRAM)\u2010like physical RC platform based on an oxide channel two\u2010transistor (2T) cell, providing a practical route toward low\u2010energy, fast, robust, and structurally simple physical RC. Within a single device footprint and fabrication flow, the same 2T cell can be reconfigured to volatile reservoir dynamics or quasi\u2010non\u2010volatile readout memory. Its operating mode is selected by the hold bias, enabling electrical reconfiguration with tunable relaxation dynamics. This compact strategy enables spatiotemporal programmability while preserving process simplicity, as validated by motion\u2010detection simulations. Owing to multi\u2010V\n                    <jats:sub>hold<\/jats:sub>\n                    spatiotemporal encoding, the proposed RC architecture achieves a 3.98\u2010fold reduction in device\u2010array\u2010level read energy and requires 8.00\u2010fold fewer trainable synaptic weights than the ANN baseline. These results position oxide 2T memory as a strong candidate for next\u2010generation non\u2010von\u2010Neumann artificial intelligence (AI) hardware.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.77921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T08:11:17Z","timestamp":1790669477000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultralow\u2010Energy Analog Reservoir Computing via Reconfigurable 2\u2010Transistor Memory"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3534-7947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong\u2010Min","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Technology Yonsei University  Incheon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BK21 Graduate Program in Intelligent Semiconductor Technology Yonsei University  Incheon Republic of 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University  Incheon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BK21 Graduate Program in Intelligent Semiconductor Technology Yonsei University  Incheon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3049-9212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongwook","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Technology Yonsei University  Incheon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BK21 Graduate Program in Intelligent Semiconductor Technology Yonsei University  Incheon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5219-891X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung Jun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Technology Yonsei University  Incheon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BK21 Graduate Program in Intelligent Semiconductor Technology Yonsei University  Incheon Republic of 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