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Here, we identify 5\u2019tiRNA\u2010Gln as a key pro\u2010metastatic tsRNA markedly upregulated in BM tissues. Functionally, 5\u2019tiRNA\u2010Gln robustly enhances BC cell migration, invasion, and osteoclast differentiation. Mechanistically, 5\u2019tiRNA\u2010Gln directly binds to the RRM domain of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC), a novel phase\u2010separating protein. Biophysically, 5\u2019tiRNA\u2010Gln acts as a \u201cmolecular glue\u201d to accelerate HNRNPC liquid\u2010liquid phase separation. These phase\u2010separated condensates preferentially bind to the coding sequence (CDS) region of\n                    <jats:italic>IGF1R<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA, increasing its stability and hyperactivating downstream ERK signaling. Clinically, HNRNPC is amplified in BM tissues and predicts poor prognosis. Silencing HNRNPC dramatically suppresses bone\u2010destructive lesions and tumor burden in vivo. In conclusion, our study uncovers a novel biophysical mechanism wherein a tsRNA regulates protein phase separation to drive tumor metastasis. The 5\u2019tiRNA\u2010Gln\/HNRNPC\/IGF1R axis represents a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for BC bone metastasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.77974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:37:37Z","timestamp":1790743057000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transfer RNA\u2010Derived Small RNA\u20105\u2019tiRNAGln Drives HNRNPC Phase Separation to Promote Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis by Regulating IGF1R"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Bingnan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University  Shanghai 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