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While conductive networks based on random microcracks have been widely employed to enhance sensor responsiveness, they are often limited by trade\u2010offs between sensitivity and measurement range. Inspired by the stress concentration mechanism in insect campaniform sensilla (CS), this study proposes a biomimetic heterogeneous bilayer strain sensor based on a deterministic macrostructure. The sensor employs a bilayer cladding architecture with a U\u2010shaped cross\u2010section and introduces a strain\u2010dependent path switching (SDPS) strategy by modulating the conductivity gradient between the low\u2010resistance core and the high\u2010resistance cladding layer. Through this structure, the sensor achieves an ultra\u2010high gauge factor (GF) of 301799, featuring an extremely low detection limit (0.067%) and excellent cycling stability (&gt;11\u00a0000 cycles). By programmatically designing the crack geometry, the sensor demonstrates highly tunable sensitivity and range. Based on its exceptional performance, the sensor has been successfully applied to the monitoring of full\u2010scale human physiological signals and integrated into a high\u2010fidelity teleoperation system. This research not only provides a universal biomimetic paradigm for the design of high\u2010performance flexible sensors but also lays the theoretical foundation for the industrial application of precision medicine and intelligent robotic skin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.77979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T18:00:31Z","timestamp":1790532031000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bio\u2010Inspired Gradient Heterogeneous Architectures for Ultrasensitive and Robust Strain Sensors via Programmable Crack Engineering"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3288-0518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronics Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology  Beijing 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