{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:02:29Z","timestamp":1790784149393,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12002285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12002285"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Atherosclerosis is the primary pathological basis for cardiovascular diseases. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, current methods primarily focus on late\u2010stage intervention, missing critical opportunities for early detection. Recently, the dynamic mechanical properties of arterial tissue have been recognized as a novel approach for assessing vascular status, and offer an opportunity to employ the mechanical properties of atherosclerotic lesions for evaluating disease status and monitoring disease progression. Here, we employed a Hybrid Hierarchical theory\u2013Microrheology (HHM) framework to quantify multiscale mechanical markers during lesion progression. The results revealed a two\u2010stage power\u2010law rheology, with short\u2010 and long\u2010timescale exponents (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      \u03b1\n                      <jats:sub>short<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      \u03b1\n                      <jats:sub>long<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) as key mechanical markers of lesion composition and mechanical gradients. We further applied a self\u2010similar hierarchical framework to capture plaque heterogeneity across cytoplasmic, cellular, and tissue scales, yielding additional mechanical markers (e.g.,\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      E\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      E\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      E\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) from subcellular to tissue scales. Based on these markers, we built a multiparametric diagnostic model that outperforms traditional elastic modulus criterion. This model captures stage\u2010 and region\u2010specific trajectories, coupling mechanical signatures with histology for improved staging and risk assessment, establishing an operational framework for enhanced prediction and diagnosis of atherosclerosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.77995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T15:12:22Z","timestamp":1790781142000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Hybrid Hierarchical Framework for Quantifying Mechanical Markers in Atherosclerotic Disease Progression: A New Approach for Diagnosis and Risk Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Yidan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University  Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis  Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics &amp; Medical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University  Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6202-2641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuo","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory For Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science State Key Laboratory For Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures School of Aerospace Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University  Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianjun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory For Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science State Key Laboratory For Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures School of Aerospace Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University  Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sijie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University  Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis  Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics &amp; Medical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University  Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University  Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis  Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics &amp; Medical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University  Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1455-8350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University  Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis  Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics &amp; Medical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University  Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Science and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University  Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruining","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University  Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis  Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics &amp; Medical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University  Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University  Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4873-9934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiyun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University  Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis  Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics &amp; Medical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University  Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital  Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6393-5434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangkui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory For Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science State Key Laboratory For Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures School of Aerospace Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University  Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1285-0785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University  Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis  Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics &amp; Medical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University  Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7567-3048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University  Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis  Shaanxi China"},{"name":"Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics &amp; Medical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University  Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419\u2010024\u201007166\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-024-01023-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392\u2010025\u201002346\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad191"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001328"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1468888"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae190"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.468932"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2022.111210"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/photonics11050471"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401\u2010025\u201001729\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"262","article-title":"Emerging Circulating Biomarkers for Atherosclerosis: A Narrative Review","volume":"13","author":"Sim D. 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M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"}],"container-title":["Advanced Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/advs.77995","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/advs.77995","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/advs.77995","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T15:12:24Z","timestamp":1790781144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/advs.77995"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/advs.77995"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.77995","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2198-3844","2198-3844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2198-3844","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-3844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e77995"}}