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Here, we present a single\u2010nucleus transcriptomic atlas of PSUs from the back skin of healthy young and aged males, revealing extensive age\u2010associated cellular and transcriptional remodeling within this niche. We show that aging is accompanied by reduced relative representation of bulge hair follicle stem cells, together with altered regeneration\u2010associated transcriptional programs. Sebocytes display enhanced androgen responsiveness coupled with increased lipid biosynthetic activity during aging. Concurrently, an ion channel\u2010enriched follicular population shows increased representation with age and exhibits stress\u2010 and inflammation\u2010associated transcriptional features. In parallel, an innate immune\u2010like melanocyte subset shows reduced relative representation during aging, coinciding with changes in inferred melanocyte\u2013immune communication. Notably, immune subsets in aged PSUs display coordinated changes in metabolic pathway signatures, suggesting an association between immune remodeling and metabolic state. Together, our findings highlight the aged PSU as a focal site where epithelial, immune, and metabolic alterations converge during skin aging. This work establishes a comprehensive single\u2010nucleus atlas of human vellus PSU aging and provides a framework for understanding how aging reshapes pilosebaceous niche biology, with potential implications for age\u2010associated cutaneous inflammation and dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.78048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:27:15Z","timestamp":1790746035000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Single\u2010Nucleus Transcriptomic Atlas of Human Vellus Hair Pilosebaceous Units Reveals Age\u2010Associated Remodeling"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Ya'nan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai People's Republic of 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