{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:49:38Z","timestamp":1791517778602,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Physical entropy sources are essential for hardware security and probabilistic information processing, yet most memristor\u2010based random\u2010number generators rely on stochastic switching outputs without identifying a designable materials\u2010level parameter that controls how intrinsic device stochasticity is expressed. Here, we present a morphology\u2010engineered entropy platform based on Ag\/TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/Au nanoisland (NI)\/Pt electrochemical memristor arrays, in which the Au NI morphology acts as a tunable structural modulator of the stochastic high\u2010resistance\u2010state transport landscape. Thickness\u2010controlled Volmer\u2013Weber growth produces distinct NI regimes that reshape local\u2010field hotspots and candidate filament pathways through which residual filament configurations, interfacial defects, and stochastic ion migration are translated into HRS\u2010current dispersion. NI\u20101.5 provides a practical entropy\u2010engineering window where broad hotspot diversity and recoverable HRS states are balanced. The morphology\u2010modulated HRS dispersion is converted into entropy streams in a 32 \u00d7 32 array through paired\u2010current comparison and validated using bit probability, binary entropy, min\u2010entropy, restart\/reproducibility tests, autocorrelation, NIST SP 800\u201322 tests, and machine\u2010learning\u2010based predictability evaluation. The validated stream further serves as a stochastic sampling primitive for Monte Carlo probabilistic inference. This work establishes nanoscale morphology as a designable materials\u2010level control parameter linking stochastic memristive transport, array\u2010level randomness, and probabilistic sampling.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.78052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:12:42Z","timestamp":1791515562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Morphology\u2010Defined Entropy Streams for Random\u2010Bit Generation and Probabilistic Sampling in Memristor Arrays"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Hyunjun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Kyungpook National University  Daegu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da Ye","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Kyungpook National University  Daegu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Kyungpook National University  Daegu Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smart Manufacturing Innovation Center Korea Electronics Technology Institute Seongnam Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byunghun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smart Manufacturing Innovation Center Korea Electronics Technology Institute Seongnam Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1959-3753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"June Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering Cheongju University  Cheongju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24155001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.Kelsey B.Schneier D.Wagner andC.Hall Fast Software Encryption\u2014FSE\u201998 5th International Workshop Proceedings(Springer 1998) 168\u2013188 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3\u2010540\u201069710\u20101_12.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-69710-1_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796\u2010022\u201010252\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23218958"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"2672","article-title":"Generative Adversarial Nets","volume":"27","author":"Goodfellow 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