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For syphilis, which is caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum)<\/jats:italic>\n                    , no vaccine is yet available to halt its vertical spread to fetuses. Here, we designed an adenovirus\u2010vectored vaccine expressing the\n                    <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                    outer membrane protein TP0326 and evaluated its immunogenicity and protective efficacy in animal models. The vaccine elicited robust humoral and Th2\u2011biased cellular immune responses in both mice and rabbits, with resulting antibodies exhibiting potent anti\u2011adhesion, opsonophagocytic, and bactericidal activities. In rabbits challenged with high\u2010 or low\u2010dose\n                    <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , vaccination significantly reduced lesion severity and tissue bacterial burden, while enhancing local phagocytic responses. Intramuscular immunization promoted early opsonophagocytosis and restricted pathogen dissemination by rabbit infectivity test. These findings demonstrate that the TP0326 based adenovirus vaccine induces functional antibody\u2011mediated immunity and supports its further development as a candidate vaccine for preventing congenital syphilis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.78078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:14:18Z","timestamp":1790655258000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Adenoviral\u2010Vectored Tp0326 Vaccine Elicits Robust Functional Antibodies to Prevent\n                    <i>Treponema pallidum<\/i>\n                    Dissemination in a Rabbit Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8699-3650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinbo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8315-4791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Skin Diseases Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"National Center for Sexually Transmitted Disease Control Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixia","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Skin Diseases Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"National Center for Sexually Transmitted Disease Control Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8239-5834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangcai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"The First School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4800-4302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wujian","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Skin Diseases Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"National Center for Sexually Transmitted Disease Control Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Nanjing Jiangsu China"},{"name":"School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Mother\u2010to\u2010child Transmission of Syphilis","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Data on Syphilis","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2026.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2025.101752"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24920\/003903"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v48i23a06"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","volume-title":"Congenital Syphilis. 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