{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:54:30Z","timestamp":1790747670196,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22135006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22135006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["226\u20102024\u201000074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["226\u20102024\u201000074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004835","name":"Zhejiang University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004835","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Interfacial polymerization (IP) is central to the fabrication of high\u2010performance polyamide membranes, yet the microscopic reaction pathways governing film formation remain difficult to resolve due to the strongly coupled diffusion\u2010reaction behavior at the organic\u2010aqueous interfaces. Here, we develop a tailored IP platform in which a solid\u2010state piperazine source delivers amine monomers at a constant dissolution flux, thereby decoupling monomer diffusion from polymerization. Combined with in situ quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, this system enables real\u2011time tracking of polyamide formation on the organic side of the reaction front. The frequency\u2010dissipation response resolves three kinetic regimes: pre\u2010gelation oligomerization, post\u2010gelation aggregation, and diffusion\u2010limited growth accompanied by late\u2010stage densification. By systematically tuning the interfacial functional\u2010group ratio, we reveal that the initial stoichiometry governs gelation time, nascent\u2010network permeability, and subsequent film stiffening, which collectively determine the structure of the final polyamide selective film. Consequently, controlling interfacial reaction conditions enables systematic tuning of the membrane molecular weight cutoff, surface charge, and ion selectivity. This work provides a kinetic map of interfacial polymerization that connects monomer stoichiometry, film\u2010formation pathways, and membrane structure, offering a mechanistic basis for rationally controlling polyamide membrane formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.78089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:55:16Z","timestamp":1790744116000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Decoding Interfacial Polymerization Through Steady Amine Delivery and Real\u2010Time QCM\u2010D Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Lab of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials and Technologies Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"The \u201cBelt and Road\u201d Sino\u2010Portugal Joint Lab on Advanced Materials International Research Center For X Polymers Zhejiang University  Haining China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Ren","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Lab of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials and Technologies Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"The \u201cBelt and Road\u201d Sino\u2010Portugal Joint Lab on Advanced Materials International Research Center For X Polymers Zhejiang University  Haining China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng\u2010Ye","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Lab of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials and Technologies Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"The \u201cBelt and Road\u201d Sino\u2010Portugal Joint Lab on Advanced Materials International Research Center For X Polymers Zhejiang University  Haining China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5239-5345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong\u2010Qing","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Lab of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials and Technologies Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"The \u201cBelt and Road\u201d Sino\u2010Portugal Joint Lab on Advanced Materials International Research Center For X Polymers Zhejiang University  Haining China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2261-7162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi\u2010Kang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Lab of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials and Technologies Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"The \u201cBelt and Road\u201d Sino\u2010Portugal Joint Lab on Advanced Materials International Research Center For X Polymers Zhejiang University  Haining 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