{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:45:18Z","timestamp":1791870318983,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RI 1551\/18\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RI 1551\/18\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Metal halide perovskites are attractive gain media for compact coherent light sources. Although the all\u2010inorganic CsPbI\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    is a particularly promising representative, low\u2010threshold laser operation remains challenging in CsPbI\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    thin films due to phase instability and difficulties in preparing high\u2010quality thin films within low\u2010loss optical resonators. Here, we demonstrate the first vertical\u2010cavity surface\u2010emitting lasers (VCSELs) based on CsPbI\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    thin films. The devices are fabricated via planar hot pressing using CsPbI\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    thin films prepared through poly(vinylpyrrolidone)\u2010assisted phase stabilization, which enables simultaneous fabrication of smooth gain layers and well\u2010defined vertical cavities consisting of two distributed Bragg reflectors. Variable stripe length measurements on the CsPbI\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    thin films are used for optical gain spectroscopy to guide the design of the VCSEL cavity mode by a rigorous coupled\u2010wave analysis. The optimized VCSELs afford optically pumped lasing at 720.4\u00a0nm coinciding with the maximum of the optical gain spectrum at a record\u2010low threshold energy density of only 2.8\u00a0\u00b5J\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Moreover, the VCSELs provide an outstandingly stable operation even under ambient conditions, which is attributed to the encapsulation inherently provided by the VCSEL structure. These results establish a pathway toward practical, low\u2010threshold perovskite VCSELs and highlight the potential of this platform for next\u2010generation laser devices.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.78163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:00:35Z","timestamp":1791867635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Low Threshold Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers Based on CsPbI\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    Thin Films"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0749-9516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naho","family":"Kurahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic Devices University of Wuppertal  Wuppertal Germany"},{"name":"Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials &amp; Systems (CM@S) University of Wuppertal  Wuppertal Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3820-0096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Schiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic Devices University of Wuppertal  Wuppertal Germany"},{"name":"Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials &amp; Systems (CM@S) University of Wuppertal  Wuppertal Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7146-035X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cedric","family":"Kreusel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic Devices University of Wuppertal  Wuppertal Germany"},{"name":"Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials &amp; Systems (CM@S) University of Wuppertal  Wuppertal Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2249-8914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"T\u00fcckmantel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic Devices University of Wuppertal  Wuppertal Germany"},{"name":"Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials &amp; Systems (CM@S) University of Wuppertal  Wuppertal Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Kadid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic Devices University of Wuppertal  Wuppertal Germany"},{"name":"Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials &amp; Systems (CM@S) University of Wuppertal  Wuppertal Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habib","family":"Ur Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic Devices University of Wuppertal  Wuppertal Germany"},{"name":"Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials &amp; Systems (CM@S) University of Wuppertal  Wuppertal Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Gaschler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials &amp; Systems (CM@S) University of Wuppertal  Wuppertal Germany"},{"name":"Chair of Large Area Optoelectronics University of Wuppertal  Wuppertal Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Anfang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials &amp; Systems (CM@S) University of Wuppertal  Wuppertal Germany"},{"name":"Chair of Large Area Optoelectronics University of Wuppertal  Wuppertal Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Knoth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials &amp; 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