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Yet conventional membrane platforms still struggle to reconcile conductivity with selectivity, while durability and processability remain important practical constraints. Sulfonic\u2010acid\u2010based membranes are particularly attractive because they combine strong acidity, fixed\u2010charge character, and tunable hydrated ionic domains. Together, these features make sulfonic acid groups a versatile design element for regulating transport, exclusion, swelling, and membrane processability. Although these features have been most extensively explored in redox flow batteries, the resulting insights are also highly relevant to the broader design of next\u2010generation energy\u2010storage membranes. This review therefore uses sulfonic\u2010acid\u2010based membranes in redox flow batteries as a representative platform to extract transferable design principles. It covers proton\u2010transport mechanisms, synthetic and microstructural design strategies, representative fluorinated and non\u2010fluorinated membrane classes with flexible and rigid architectures, and their roles in vanadium, zinc, and emerging organic redox flow batteries. It further discusses cost, durability, dimensional stability, scale\u2010up, and future opportunities in localized sulfonic\u2010acid placement, biomass\u2010derived membranes, and data\u2010driven design. By clarifying structure\u2013transport\u2013manufacturing relationships, this review extracts general design principles for advanced membranes across electrochemical energy\u2010storage systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.78245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:43:20Z","timestamp":1792035800000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toward Rational Design of Aqueous Battery Membranes Beyond the Selectivity\u2010Conductivity Trade\u2010Off"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4766-2591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinkang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University  Changsha Hunan P. R. China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy for Non\u2010ferrous Metals  Changsha Hunan P. R. 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