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Although such systems have been widely explored in photosynthetic bacteria, extending them to non\u2010photosynthetic biomanufacturing chassis such as\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) remains substantially more challenging, owing to peptidoglycan\u2010induced nanoparticle aggregation and mass\u2010transfer limitations, cytotoxicity, and inefficient interfacial electron transfer from loose adsorption between inorganic semiconductors and cells. Here, we propose a non\u2010invasive enhancement strategy that leverages the endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S) pathway of the\n                    <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    host and couples it with semiconductor materials to construct a semi\u2010artificial photosynthetic biohybrid system. This system harnesses light energy to enhance endogenous nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) regeneration, thereby augmenting microbial production without genetic modification of the target biosynthetic pathways. Applied to engineered\n                    <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    for 2\u2019\u2010fucosyl lactose (2\u2019\u2010FL) and surfactin production, the biohybrid system increases product titres by two\u2010 to three\u2010 fold. This strategy, integrated with metabolic engineering, is effective for rapid and enhanced chemical synthesis in\n                    <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with potential applicability to other non\u2010photosynthetic bacteria harboring endogenous H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S pathways.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.78265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:21:46Z","timestamp":1792034506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Semi\u2010Artificial Photosynthesis Enables Light\u2010Driven Biomanufacturing in Non\u2010Photosynthetic Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Peptide Biosynthesis Nanjing Normal University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Synthetic Biology\/Department of Food Nutrition and Safety College of Engineering China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anqi","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Peptide Biosynthesis Nanjing Normal University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Peptide Biosynthesis Nanjing Normal University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Synthetic Biology\/Department of Food Nutrition and Safety College of Engineering China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6360-3982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Peptide Biosynthesis Nanjing Normal University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0772-7723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Sohail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Peptide Biosynthesis Nanjing Normal University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2698-0786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science Technology and Engineering Charles Darwin University  Northern Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3742-9989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2699-3448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Peptide Biosynthesis Nanjing Normal University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202404313"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.129843"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2019.107441"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y.Li Y.Wang R. 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