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We uncovered a non\u2010canonical function of bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), whereby OMVs activated the TLR4\u2013NF\u2010\u03baB\u2013NLRC5 axis to induce tumor MHC I upregulation, thereby restoring tumor visibility to T cells. To further eliminate tumor invisibility to APCs, we reported a bacteria\u2010inspired strategy that drives APCs to perceive tumor cells as bacteria. By fusing OMVs with fusogenic liposomes, we constructed fusogenic OMVs (FOs) that anchor bacterial membrane components onto tumor surfaces, thereby functionally \u201cbacterizing\u201d tumor cells. This modification markedly increased APC recruitment and effectively reprogrammed APC perception from silent tumor clearance to active microbial\u2010like immune surveillance. Consequently, APCs exhibited enhanced phagocytic uptake of bacterized tumors, enabling efficient cross\u2010presentation of the tumor\u2010antigen repertoires to T cells. Concurrently, OMVs upregulated MHC I expression on tumor cells, which strengthened effector T cell recognition and cytotoxicity toward tumors. Furthermore, by loading 3\u2010bromopyruvate into the vesicles, we endowed the system with metabolic reprogramming capability, characterized by glycolysis suppression and lactate depletion. Together, the synergistic immune\u2013metabolic modulation resulted in durable suppression of tumor progression following intratumoral administration, offering a bacterization\u2010inspired nanoplatform to overcome key immunological barriers in immune\u2010cold tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.78279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:49:53Z","timestamp":1792122593000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intratumoral Fusogenic Outer Membrane Vesicles Enhance Antitumor Immunity Through Tumor MHC\u2010I Upregulation and Tumor Bacterization"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3794-3569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing People's 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