{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:45:17Z","timestamp":1792039517088,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003693","name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["26E0031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26E0031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102023\u201000281048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102023\u201000281048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102026\u201025554569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102026\u201025554569"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Stochastic neural computation is essential for probabilistic inference and brain\u2010inspired information processing. However, most hardware stochastic neurons generate statistically independent spikes and fail to reproduce the temporal correlations observed in biological neurons. We demonstrate an integrated hardware synapse\u2010neuron consisting of a FeFET synapse and a CulnP\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S\n                    <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                    neuron, where the neuron exhibits temporally correlated stochastic spiking. The spike probability is continuously tuned by synaptic weight through voltage modulation, enabling hardware stochastic neural computation. Electrical measurements reveal voltage\u2010dependent stochastic firing accompanied by leaky\u2010integration\u2010firing dynamics. Structural and polarization analyses reveal differences in Cu\u2010related atomic contrast and partially retained polarization states, suggesting a history\u2010dependent internal state. Autocorrelation and inter\u2010spike interval analyses reveal temporal dependencies between successive stochastic spikes, which are consistent with the evolution of this retained state, with the strongest correlation emerging in the intermediate stochastic regime. The proposed stochastic spiking neural network achieves an inference accuracy of approximately 90% and maintains over 87% accuracy under severe noise conditions, demonstrating the computational advantages of temporally correlated stochastic spiking for robust probabilistic neural computation. This work demonstrates a class of 2D ferroelectric neuromorphic hardware that inherently incorporates intrinsic temporal dynamics, providing a pathway toward next\u2010generation neuromorphic and probabilistic computing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.78300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:55:37Z","timestamp":1792036537000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temporally Correlated Stochastic Spiking Neural Networks Enabled by 2D Ferroelectric Synapse\u2010Neuron Integration"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Hanseo","family":"Jeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Nano Science and Technology Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7045-0469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ui Do","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Kyungpook National University  Daegu South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangmin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Nano Science and Technology Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gihyeon","family":"Bhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Nano Science and Technology Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Yong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Nano Science and Technology Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1374-8793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji\u2010Sang","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Nano Science and Technology Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2254-7918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byungchul","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Kyungpook National University  Daegu South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1284-3593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sungjoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Nano Science and Technology Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b01282"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b03977"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14441"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0MH01193K"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3495"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2014.2310591"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Simulated Annealing & Boltzmann Machines: A Stochastic Approach to Combinatorial Optimization & Neural Computing","author":"Aarts E.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202530852"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202520717S"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30305-8","article-title":"Neural Sampling Machine With Stochastic Synapse Allows Brain\u2010Like Learning And Inference","volume":"13","author":"Dutta S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LED.2020.2990363"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5109090"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2016.70"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201062040\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0152211"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.Zhang L.Zeng F.Gong et\u00a0al. \u201cRealization of Neural Coding by Stochastic Switching of Magnetic Tunnel Junction \u201d in2015 15th Non\u2010Volatile Memory Technology Symposium (NVMTS)(2015) 1\u20134 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/NVMTS.2015.7457480.","DOI":"10.1109\/NVMTS.2015.7457499"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13805"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0975\u201019.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202316360"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201039577\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201055506\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202200566"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201018363\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1888"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201054229\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010018\u201007052\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c00108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LED.2020.2997555"}],"container-title":["Advanced Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/advs.78300","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/advs.78300","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/advs.78300","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:55:39Z","timestamp":1792036539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/advs.78300"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/advs.78300"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.78300","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2198-3844","2198-3844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2198-3844","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-3844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e78300"}}