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The MQC network, comprising mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy\u2010biogenesis coupling, and inter\u2010organelle communication, organizes the aging\u2010inflammation\u2010metabolism axis. Its collapse releases mtDNA fragments that act as damage\u2010associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) activating innate immunity via cGAS\u2010STING, and metabolic intermediates that remodel the epigenome through histone lactylation, potentially locking acute stress into a \u201cmetabolic memory\u201d, although the mtDNA\u2010methylation component remains hypothesis\u2010level. Multi\u2010omics and cell\u2010free mtDNA liquid biopsy underpin a proposed subtyping into bioenergetic failure, immuno\u2010inflammatory activation, and senescent cell accumulation, still a within\u2010OA hypothesis pending independent and cross\u2010disease validation. Therapy is shifting from symptom management toward organelle medicine, including cardiolipin stabilizers, PROTAC\u2010mediated protein degradation, mitochondrial base editing, and engineered mitochondrial transplantation. Metformin has randomized trial evidence in knee OA pending confirmation, NAD+ precursors are in early clinical testing, and SS\u201031 holds accelerated approval only for Barth syndrome; other strategies remain preclinical. Delivery barriers and disease heterogeneity require precision stratification, biomimetic models, and AI\u2010driven decision\u2010making. This review delineates the shared molecular logic of the three diseases and proposes a prototype subtyping\u2010to\u2010treatment roadmap pending validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.78309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:54:41Z","timestamp":1792036481000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mitochondrial Quality Control in Degenerative Musculoskeletal Diseases: Signaling Networks and Therapeutic Landscapes"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8017-0389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiyang","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0155-7420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhangrong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianglong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2336-3275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenbo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zimu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0058-614X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4487-9988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-022-00888-z","article-title":"Intervertebral Disc Degeneration And Osteoarthritis: A Common Molecular Disease Spectrum","volume":"19","author":"Fine N.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Rheumatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-023-00301-9","article-title":"Risk of Metabolic Abnormalities In Osteoarthritis: A New Perspective To Understand Its Pathological Mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Wei G.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bone Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00747-3","article-title":"Erosive Hand Osteoarthritis: Latest Findings And Outlook","volume":"18","author":"Favero M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Rheumatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-0527","article-title":"Effects of Interleukin\u20101\u03b2 Inhibition on Incident Hip and Knee Replacement: Exploratory Analyses From a Randomized, Double\u2010Blind, Placebo\u2010Controlled Trial","volume":"173","author":"Schieker M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-025-01332-8","article-title":"Osteoarthritis as a Systemic Disease","volume":"22","author":"Collins K. 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