{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T08:08:07Z","timestamp":1761379687971,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AEM Education and Training"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People experiencing homelessness (PEH) utilize the emergency department (ED) at higher rates than the general population. Emergency medicine (EM) physicians would benefit from increased exposure to homeless healthcare, including street medicine, which provides mobile care to PEH. Thus, leveraging a relationship with a local healthcare organization for the homeless, this project aimed to implement a street medicine experience for first\u2010year EM residents and evaluate resident perceptions of the experience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By partnering with an existing street medicine program, we piloted an elective one\u2010day experience for first\u2010year EM residents. Residents were invited to complete pre\u2010 and post\u2010experience surveys using the Health Professionals' Attitude Toward the Homeless Inventory (HPATHI), augmented with additional Likert scale and qualitative questions. We calculated descriptive statistics and performed analysis of free\u2010text answers using inductive and in\u00a0vivo codes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We successfully piloted and integrated a street medicine experience into the curriculum of an EM residency program. 17\/17 (100%) residents of the first\u2010year class participated in the elective. 13\/17 (76%) of residents completed the pre\u2010survey and 9\/17 (53%) of residents completed the post\u2010survey. Although there were no statistical differences between pre\u2010 and post\u2010surveys, major themes from free text responses included (1) practice\u2010changing insights into systems\u2010 and community\u2010based challenges within the lived experiences of PEH, and (2) interest in additional education dedicated to street medicine. On average, residents found the experience to be useful (mean 4.0, standard deviation [SD] 1.40) and valuable (mean 4.4, SD 1.01), felt more comfortable caring for PEH (mean 4.6, SD 0.73), and had a better understanding of community resources (mean 4.6, SD 0.73) after the experience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We demonstrated the feasibility of incorporating a street medicine pilot experience into EM resident education, and, on average, residents perceived this experience as a valuable and useful addition to their education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aet2.70099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T03:37:13Z","timestamp":1759117033000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development, Integration, and Evaluation of Street Medicine Into Emergency Medicine Resident Education"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Spartz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Denver Health Medical Center  Denver Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Axelrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Stout Street Medical Center Colorado Coalition for the Homeless  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"April","family":"Krall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stout Street Medical Center Colorado Coalition for the Homeless  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Blok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9444-1717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. Gannon","family":"Sungar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Denver Health Medical Center  Denver Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonnie","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Rappaport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Denver Health Medical Center  Denver Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7784-6811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason","family":"Haukoos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Denver Health Medical Center  Denver Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Colorado School of Public Health  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Colorado Social Emergency Medicine Collaborative  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0882-5210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelia","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Denver Health Medical Center  Denver Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Colorado Social Emergency Medicine Collaborative  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5273-3958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Denver Health Medical Center  Denver Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Colorado Social Emergency Medicine Collaborative  Denver Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"The 2023 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress, Part 1: Point\u2010In\u2010Time Estimates of Homelessness","year":"2023","author":"Sousa T.","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1"},{"volume-title":"The 2024 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress, Part 1: Point\u2010In\u2010Time Estimates of Homelessness","year":"2024","author":"Sousa T.","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491012500308"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-022-00435-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13358"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2013.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2022.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/virtualmentor.2009.11.1.medu1-0901"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13814780109048777"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"S85","article-title":"Prioritizing Homelessness in Emergency Medicine Education: A Concept Paper","volume":"6","author":"Del Buono B. C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"AEM Education and Training"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2021.07.123"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","article-title":"Street Medicine: Barrier Considerations for Healthcare Providers in the U.S","volume":"15","author":"Tito E.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2011.0025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"Advisory Board \u201cHow \u2018Street Medicine\u2019 Saved One Hospital $3.7M in ED Costs\u201d(2017) https:\/\/www.advisory.com\/daily\u2010briefing\/2017\/12\/01\/street\u2010medicine."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-022-07689-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2019.08.359"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.profnurs.2012.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2018.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2023.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13561820.2021.2016663"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-2-200301210-00016"}],"container-title":["AEM Education and Training"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aet2.70099","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T08:03:36Z","timestamp":1761379416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aet2.70099"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/aet2.70099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aet2.70099","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2472-5390","2472-5390"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2472-5390"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2472-5390"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70099"}}