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In this study, we generated Wagyu \u00d7 Hereford hybrid cattle (F1) and observed significantly enhanced growth rates compared to purebred Hereford controls, prompting further investigation into the epigenetic regulatory basis of heterosis in bovine muscle development. Combined microRNA\u2010seq and RNA\u2010seq profiling of the longissimus dorsi muscle identified 17 differentially expressed miRNAs and 489 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), enabling the construction of a comprehensive miRNA\u2013mRNA regulatory network. Notably, decreased expression of bta\u2010novel\u2010miR\u2010357 (novel\u2010miR\u2010357) and increased expression of S100A2 (S100 Calcium\u2010Binding Protein A2) mRNA were observed in the hybrid cattle. Functional assays in primary bovine myoblasts demonstrated that novel\u2010miR\u2010357 and siS100A2 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Dual\u2010luciferase reporter assays confirmed that novel\u2010miR\u2010357 directly binds to the 3\u2032UTR of\n                    <jats:italic>S100A2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA, establishing a targeted regulatory relationship. Furthermore, novel\u2010miR\u2010357 was shown to inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of bovine myoblasts through targeting\n                    <jats:italic>S100A2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA. These findings reveal a novel epigenetic regulatory axis (novel\u2010miR\u2010357\/\n                    <jats:italic>S100A2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA) involved in early muscle development and provide an important molecular mechanism for deeper understanding of the epigenetic regulatory processes underlying heterosis in cattle. Nevertheless, given the polygenic complexity of heterosis, it is important to recognize that this pathway likely represents only one of several contributing factors to this complex trait.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/age.70172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T06:15:09Z","timestamp":1785737709000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bta\u2010Novel\u2010\n                    <scp>miR<\/scp>\n                    \u2010357 Inhibits the Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis of Bovine Myoblasts by Targeting\n                    <scp>S100A2<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1549-6427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaoqing","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education Jilin Agricultural University  Changchun China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University  Chuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunqi","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education Jilin Agricultural University  Changchun China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization Jilin Agricultural University  Changchun China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Animal Breeding &amp; Reproduction Technology Jilin Agricultural University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education Jilin Agricultural University  Changchun China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization Jilin Agricultural University  Changchun China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Animal Breeding &amp; Reproduction Technology Jilin Agricultural University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education Jilin Agricultural University  Changchun China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Beef Cattle Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization Jilin Agricultural University  Changchun China"},{"name":"Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Animal Breeding &amp; 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