{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:50:40Z","timestamp":1792173040480,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Genetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Bovine mastitis is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease that compromises milk production, animal welfare and dairy sustainability. Despite extensive transcriptomic and epigenomic research, a PubMed search completed in September 2026 identified only 12 primary studies addressing epitranscriptomic regulation in bovine mastitis, representing approximately 0.1% of indexed publications. This review critically evaluates N\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010methyladenosine (m\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    A), the most extensively studied RNA modification in bovine mastitis, its regulatory machinery and effects on mammary immunity, while identifying m\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    C and A\u2010to\u2010I editing as priorities for mechanistic investigation. Current evidence identifies transcript\u2010specific RNA stability as the best\u2010supported mechanism and provides a foundation for investigating m\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    A\u2010dependent translation. Functional studies of ALKBH5\u2013\n                    <jats:italic>LOC4191<\/jats:italic>\n                    , YTHDF2\u2013\n                    <jats:italic>IER3<\/jats:italic>\n                    , YTHDF2\u2010associated\n                    <jats:italic>CCL20<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>CCL5<\/jats:italic>\n                    regulation, m\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    A\u2010regulated\n                    <jats:italic>LncRNA7825<\/jats:italic>\n                    and FTO\u2013\n                    <jats:italic>FN1<\/jats:italic>\n                    demonstrate that m\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    A reshapes inflammatory signalling, mitochondrial stress, epithelial\u2010barrier integrity, cell survival and bacterial control. Synthesizing these findings, we propose a context\u2010dependent RNA\u2010fate checkpoint model in which biological effects depend on the modified transcript, effector protein, pathogen, cellular context and infection phase. The FTO\u2013\n                    <jats:italic>FN1<\/jats:italic>\n                    axis shows that bacterial control and tissue protection can diverge, establishing them as complementary outcomes. Future studies should test whether m\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    A provides an early post\u2010transcriptional response layer and whether pathogens manipulate it, using time\u2010resolved multi\u2010omics, nucleotide\u2010specific perturbation, primary cells, mammary organoids and longitudinal cattle samples. Parallel profiling of non\u2010m\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    A modifications should define interacting regulatory layers. These approaches should establish causal modification sites, resolve pathogen\u2010specific regulation, connect molecular mechanisms with disease trajectories, and support validated milk\u2010based biomarkers, mammary\u2010targeted interventions and prioritization of stable genetic variants for breeding mastitis\u2010resistant cattle.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/age.70223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:13:13Z","timestamp":1792170793000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond the Transcriptome: The\n                    <scp>\n                      m\n                      <sup>6<\/sup>\n                      A\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Epitranscriptome in Bovine Mastitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3022-4752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shraddha","family":"Dwivedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Genetics ICAR \u2013 Indian Veterinary Research Institute  Bareilly UP India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4423-7881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Genetics ICAR \u2013 Indian Veterinary Research Institute  Bareilly UP India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diksha","family":"Upreti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Reproduction Indian Veterinary Research Institute  Bareilly India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9308-3216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayushi","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Genetics ICAR \u2013 Indian Veterinary Research Institute  Bareilly UP 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