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These vectors are designed to induce virus\u2010mediated lysis of tumor cells after selective intracellular virus propagation. For targeting cancer cells, the use of tissue\u2010 or cell\u2010specific promoters that are expressed in diverse tumor types but silent in normal cells is required. Human telomerase is highly active in more than 85% of primary cancers, regardless of tissue origin, and its activity is closely correlated with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression. We constructed an attenuated adenovirus 5 vector (telomelysin, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OBP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010301) in which the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hTERT<\/jats:styled-content> promoter element drives expression of E1 genes. As only tumor cells that express the telomerase can activate this promoter, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hTERT<\/jats:styled-content> proximal promoter allows for preferential expression of viral genes in tumor cells, leading to selective viral replication and oncolytic cell death. Upon <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> Food and Drug Administration approval, a phase 1 dose\u2010escalation study of intratumoral injection of telomelysin for various solid tumors has been completed to confirm the safety, tolerability, and feasibility of the agent. Moreover, we found that adenoviral E1B 55\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">kD<\/jats:styled-content>a protein in telomelysin inhibits the radiation\u2010induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> repair machinery. Thus, tumor cells infected with telomelysin could be rendered sensitive to ionizing radiation. Recently, we assessed the safety and efficacy of intratumoral injection of telomelysin with radiotherapy in esophageal cancer patients not suited for standard treatments. This review highlights some very promising clinical advances in cancer therapeutic technologies using telomerase\u2010specific oncolytic virotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ags3.12270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]],"date-time":"2019-07-05T09:20:04Z","timestamp":1562318404000},"page":"396-404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Multidisciplinary oncolytic virotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5377-6051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshiyoshi","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama 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