{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:24:40Z","timestamp":1791645880367,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,3]],"date-time":"2005-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7279,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am. J. Anat."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>isthmus<\/jats:italic> of typical mucous units of the pyloric antrum was investigated in 3\u2010 to 4\u2010month\u2010old CD<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> mice using light and electron microscopy as well as <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H\u2010thymidine radioautography.<\/jats:p><jats:p>On the average, the isthmus measured 25 \u03bcm in length and was composed of 36 isthmal cells and two enteroendocrine cells. Isthmal cells generally displayed features found in embryonic cells, such as many free ribosomes, scant organelles, and a large reticulated nucleolus, and were, therefore, at an immature stage of development. Isthmal cells could be devoid of secretory granules (\u201cgranule\u2010free cells,\u201d 2%) or contain a few small, spherical, PA\u2010Schiffpositive, mucous granules in their apex. The granules in some of the cells had a variegated appearance and a diameter averaging 235 nm (\u201cmottled granule cells,\u201d 39%); in other cells, the granules had a large diameter, 278 nm, with a pale background and a dense core (\u201ccore granule cells,\u201d 28%); while in still others they were homogeneously dark and measured 264 nm (\u201cdense granule cells,\u201d 12%). Finally, some cells included a mixture of core and dense granules (\u201cmixed granule cells,\u201d 14%). One hour after a single injection of <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H\u2010thymidine, 37% of the isthmal cells were labeled. Each of the five isthmal cell types could acquire label and, therefore, divide. After one or more days of continuous <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H\u2010thymidine infusion, all isthmal cells were labeled. Their turnover time was estimated to be 16.1 hr (t1\/2 = 11.2 hr).<\/jats:p><jats:p>The isthmus is thus composed of several cell types which are turning over rapidly. While all are relatively immature, the various types are thought to represent different developmental stages in the life history of an isthmal cell. A model devised on this basis proposes that the granule\u2010free cells are stem cells, from which mottled granule cells are derived. These in turn evolve into either the dense granule cells of the upper isthmus or the core granule cells of the lower isthmus, or into the mixed granule cells (which are believed to develop eventually into dense granule cells or core granule cells). Maintenance of a steady state requires that the rapid production of isthmal cells be associated with rapid emigration; the dense granule cells presumably going to the pit and the core granule cells to the gland. The turnover of isthmal cells is accordingly described as following a \u201cbidirectional pattern\u201d of renewal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001720304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,26]],"date-time":"2005-02-26T17:48:34Z","timestamp":1109440114000},"page":"205-224","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Dynamic histology of the antral epithelium in the mouse stomach: II. Ultrastructure and renewal of isthmal cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"E. R.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. P.","family":"Leblond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"361","article-title":"The structure of mammalian gastric glands","volume":"41","author":"Bensley R. 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