{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T22:14:21Z","timestamp":1781475261162,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,3]],"date-time":"2005-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6942,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am. J. Anat."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The word <jats:italic>immunocytochemistry<\/jats:italic> is currently used to describe a number of methods that can be employed to localize antigens within cells by means of antigen\u2010specific antibodies. In this article we will review a number of these methods, including immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase, avidinbiotin, and colloidal\u2010gold techniques. The advantages and disadvantages of the various methods are discussed, special attention being focused upon immunocytochemical staining of plastic\u2010embedded tissue. Studies on the light microscope level show that embedding tissue in plastic prior to immunoperoxidase staining not only improves visualization of antigen\u2010specific staining but also provides an accurate and efficient means of prescreening tissue for antigen prior to immunocytochemical staining on the electron microscope level. Varying section thickness between 1 and 3 \u03bcm does not significantly influence staining, whereas the fixative used to preserve the tissue under study does. On the electron microscope level, the colloidal gold technique appears superior to immunoperoxidase staining. It is both esthetically more pleasing and highly sensitive. Of five different colloidal gold methods tested, the most sensitive is the two\u2010step technique that employs an antigen\u2010specific primary antibody followed by a gold\u2010labeled secondary antibody. Throughout this article, special emphasis is placed on the use of proper controls, both on the light and electron microscope levels. Where possible, such controls should include (1) substitution of specific antiserum with normal serum; (2) the use of antigen\u2010adsorbed antiserum; (3) the use of antisera with specificities for antigens not present in the tissue being studied; (4) the use of tissue previously shown to be stainable for the antigen; and (5) if cultured cells are being studied, the use of a number of cell types that do not contain the antigen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001750205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,27]],"date-time":"2005-02-27T02:59:24Z","timestamp":1109473164000},"page":"135-160","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Immunocytochemistry: Its evolution and criteria for its application in the study of epon\u2010embedded cells and tissue"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Edmund J.","family":"Gosselin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles C.","family":"Cate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olive S.","family":"Pettengill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George D.","family":"Sorenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-2791(69)90177-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"2543","article-title":"Methode de marquags d'antigens et d'anticorps avec des enzymes et son application en immunodiffusion","volume":"262","author":"Avrameas S.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acad. 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