{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T17:56:57Z","timestamp":1780509417811,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,3]],"date-time":"2005-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6577,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am. J. Anat."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four major pancreatic hormones were immunolocalized at the light and electron microscopic levels in the pancreas of the Nile crocodile, <jats:italic>Crocodilus niloticus.<\/jats:italic> Immunogold was used for electron microscopy, and peroxidase\u2010antiperoxidase was used for light microscopy. Somatostatin\u2010positive D\u2010cells and pancreatic polypeptide\u2010containing F\u2010cells accounted for about 60% of the immunoreactive cells in the ventral pancreas. Glucagon\u2010positive A\u2010cells were the least frequent cell type in the ventral pancreas, about 15%, but were the predominant cell type, about 40%, in the pancreas that was dorsal in character. An expanded population of D\u2010cells (relative to mammals and other higher vertebrates) in association with two very different numbers of A\u2010cells can be expected to have important consequences for the homotropic control of secretory activity of the endocrine pancreas as well as for the function of the acinar pancreas. F\u2010cells were absent from the dorsal part of the pancreas, whereas insulin\u2010containing B\u2010cells were slightly more abundant in this portion of the pancreas. The regional character of the endocrine pancreas was related to the complex looping of the proximal small intestine.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Without immunolabeling, only B\u2010granules were morphognomonic in electron micrographs. The insulin\u2010reactive B\u2010granules were the smallest (370 nm) of the secretory granules and were followed in size by somatostatin\u2010positive D\u2010granules (380 nm). The pancreatic polypeptide\u2010containing secretory granules were the largest (580 nm). Glucagon\u2010reactive A\u2010granules (430 nm) sometimes exhibited a protuberance or extension of secretory granule matrix and limiting membrane. Such a morphological feature has previously been associated with secretion of glucagon and the initiation of insulin secretion. Taken together these studies indicate that protuberances have a significant, but as yet undefined, role in pancreatic endocrine cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001780202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,27]],"date-time":"2005-02-27T02:54:31Z","timestamp":1109472871000},"page":"103-115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Quantitative immunocytochemical analysis of the endocrine pancreas of the Nile crocodile"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"William B.","family":"Rhoten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00217271"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0309-1651(81)90204-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1089309"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.28.1.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/26.12.366015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-021257-9.50023-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.22.2.158"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(84)90135-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-93-3-558"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00492685"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"319","volume-title":"Biology of the Reptilia, Morphology C","author":"Miller M. 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B.1985Comparative ultrastructural studies on the endocrine pancreas of reptiles. In: Proceedings 24th Annual Conference EM Society of Southern Africa Pietermaritzburg South Africa Vol. XV pp.169\u2013170."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Rhoten W. B.1987Somatostatin containing and other endocrine cells in the pancreas of the American crocodile.Acta Anat.(in press)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091990109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"Rhoten W. B. andC.Kyriakides1985Somatostatin\u2010containing cells increased in normal pancreas. 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