{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T20:02:46Z","timestamp":1760644966500},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,3]],"date-time":"2005-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5604,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am. J. Anat."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies were undertaken to describe the normal structure of the prairie dog gallbladder and adjacent cystic duct, and then to determine sequential changes that occurred as abnormalities in bile composition developed during high cholesterol feeding. Control animals were fed a diet with trace cholesterol, while experimental animals were fed a diet enriched with 1.2% cholesterol for 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks. Light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize morphologic changes at each time interval. Biliary lipid composition was altered in all experimental groups, evidenced by significant decreases in bile\u2010acid\u2010to\u2010cholesterol ratios. Cholesterol crystals appeared in experimental bile at 1 and 2 weeks, while stones formed at 3 and 4 weeks. The cystic duct and neck of the gallbladder occasionally displayed goblet cells. Little mucus was demonstrable in principal cells of the gallbladder, but much more in those lining the cystic duct. After 2 weeks of lithogenic diet, there was an increase in mucus content and secretion from all areas, as well as an influx of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes. Accumulation of plasma cells in the lamina propria was an especially prominent feature of experimental tissues. These results suggest that (1) there is regional heterogeneity in the mucus content of the gallbladder and cystic duct of the prairie dog, and (2) both regions respond to lithogenesis with mucus hypersecretion and acute and chronic inflammatory changes prior to the appearance of cholesterol gallstones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001860204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,27]],"date-time":"2005-02-27T02:30:04Z","timestamp":1109471404000},"page":"133-143","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Morphology of the prairie dog gallbladder: Normal characteristics and changes during early lithogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"186","author":[{"given":"Diane","family":"Haley\u2010Russell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn J.","family":"Husband","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank G.","family":"Moody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1679\/aohc.47.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50907-3","article-title":"A simplified method for the estimation of total cholesterol in serum and demonstration of its specificity","volume":"195","author":"Abell L. L.","year":"1952","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1935.01180170092007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"657","article-title":"Distribution and subcellular localization of surfactant\u2010associated glycoproteins in human lung","volume":"52","author":"Balis J. U.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"Biological studies of dihydrocholesterol","volume":"62","author":"Bevans M.","year":"1956","journal-title":"A. M. A. Arch. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106946"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1965.209.3.473","article-title":"Dietary production and dissolution of cholesterol gallstones in the mouse","volume":"209","author":"Caldwell F. J.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90513-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(86)90030-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1375941"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(83)90166-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(83)80245-5","article-title":"Impaired gallbladder emptying before gallstone formation in the prairie dog","volume":"85","author":"Doty J. E.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"135","key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Crypts and ducts in the gallbladder wall","volume":"49","author":"Elfving G.","year":"1960","journal-title":"Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01072187"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711080210"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.9.1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(83)90432-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.35.2.357"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00325114"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"245","article-title":"An electron microscopic study of developing gall bladder epithelium in the rabbit","volume":"100","author":"Hayward A. F.","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.9.5.550"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711300102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"477","article-title":"The ultrastructure of the gall\u2010bladder epithelium of the dog","volume":"96","author":"Johnson F. R.","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02028388"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(79)90027-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"445","article-title":"Increases in gallbladder prostaglandin synthesis before the formation of cholesterol gallstones","volume":"98","author":"LaMorte W. W.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"E575","article-title":"Enhanced fluid transport across gallbladder mucosa in experimental cholelithiasis","volume":"234","author":"Lee S. P.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"The mechanism of mucus secretion by the gallbladder epithelium","volume":"61","author":"Lee S. P.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br. J. Exp. Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711340304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(86)91123-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The evolution of morphologic changes in the gallbladder before stone formation in mice fed a cholesterol\u2010cholic acid diet","volume":"108","author":"Lee S. P.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Oleic acid\u2010induced cholelithiasis in rabbits","volume":"124","author":"Lee S. P.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"900","article-title":"Gallbladder contractility and mucus secretion after cholesterol feeding in the prairie dog","volume":"100","author":"Li Y. F.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00307090"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00222240"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","first-page":"138","article-title":"Experimental cholelithiasis in the ground squirrel","volume":"56","author":"MacPherson B. R.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","first-page":"249","article-title":"Evaluation of a modified technique for SEM examination of vertebral specimens without evaporated metal layers","volume":"1975","author":"Malick L. E.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Scanning Electron Microsc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","first-page":"551","volume-title":"Textbook of Histology","author":"Maximow A.","year":"1930"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","first-page":"405","article-title":"Histologic fixatives suitable for diagnostic light and electron microscopy","volume":"100","author":"McDowell E. M.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","first-page":"599","article-title":"Effects of cholesterol gallstone induction on gallbladder function and bile salt pool size in the prairie dog model","volume":"83","author":"Meyer P. D.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)33228-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","first-page":"431","article-title":"Accumulation of lipids in the gallbladder and biliary tract epithelium resulting from prolonged administration of cholesterol and thiouracil in the dog","volume":"120","author":"Nylander G.","year":"1961","journal-title":"Acta Chir. Scand."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","first-page":"248","article-title":"Biliary cholesterol deposits in ground squirrels and prairie dogs","volume":"20","author":"Patton O. H.","year":"1961","journal-title":"Fed. Proc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","first-page":"99A","article-title":"Ultrastructural changes in guinea pig epithelium during gallstone formation","volume":"214","author":"Pemsingh R. S.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711520209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(81)90098-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(82)90145-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(80)90428-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1966.211.5.1069","article-title":"Bile acids and cholesterol in guinea pigs with induced gallstones","volume":"211","author":"Schoenfield L. J.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(76)80366-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108705"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.31.2.319"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00219236"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5320(61)90021-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(69)90321-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-8166(83)90038-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","first-page":"273","article-title":"Effects of lithogenic diets on mouse gallbladder epithelium","volume":"22","author":"Wahlin T.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Virchows Arch. [B]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00533263"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.1.5.445"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00320862"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00495686"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(84)90699-1","article-title":"Cyclic nucleotides and glycoproteins during formation of cholesterol gallstones in prairie dogs","volume":"87","author":"Zak R. A.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Faja.1001860204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aja.1001860204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T12:52:51Z","timestamp":1697979171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aja.1001860204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/aja.1001860204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aja.1001860204","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9106","1553-0795"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9106","type":"print"},{"value":"1553-0795","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]}}}