{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T08:42:05Z","timestamp":1771490525136,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,3]],"date-time":"2005-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5208,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am. J. Anat."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We undertook a light and scanning electron microscopic study of the eye in the Magellanic penguin (<jats:italic>Spheniscus magellanicus<\/jats:italic>). The anatomical peculiarities of the eyeball shape in Sphenisciformes have been previously described by others; here, we show that they are accompanied by several modifications in the organization of the anterior segment of the eye. The main change was found in the portion of opaque sclera extending from the cornea to the anterior border of the scleral ossicles, which was much broader than in other avian eyes. This scleral region was made of a very dense fibrous tissue and was as difficult to cut as the ossicles. The corneoscleral boundary was also different from that of other birds, since the aqueous humor channel and the pectinate ligament were located 1.0\u20131.5 mm posterior to the cornea. The osseous ring was formed by 13 bones, including three pairs of over\u2010and underplates. There was a single ciliary muscle, with meridionally oriented striated fibers. They were inserted on a circumference along the boundary between the fibrous sclera and the ossicles, far away from the wall of the aqueous humor channel. On their posterior end, the muscle fibers formed a tendinous structure attached to the inner surface of the sclera and to the outer surface of the ciliary body. Only short zonular fibrils were observed. These anatomical features are probably relevant for the adaptation of penguin eyes to vision on land and in the aquatic environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001890307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,27]],"date-time":"2005-02-27T02:17:56Z","timestamp":1109470676000},"page":"245-252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The eye of the magellanic penguin (<i>Spheniscus magellanicus<\/i>): Structure of the anterior segment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"189","author":[{"given":"Angela Mar\u00eda","family":"Suburo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alejandro","family":"Scolaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-9129-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4078198"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1978.tb00475.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Cetacean Behaviour: Mechanisms and Functions","author":"Dawson W. W.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Histology of the Human Eye. An Atlas and Textbook","author":"Hogan M. D.","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(84)90024-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"311","volume-title":"Form and Function in Birds","author":"Martin G. R.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1984.0090"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"560","volume-title":"Handbook of Sensory Physiology","author":"Meyer D. B.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"420","article-title":"Speed of movement of Jackass penguins over long distances and their use of ocean currents","volume":"77","author":"Randall R. M.","year":"1981","journal-title":"South African J. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"221","volume-title":"Trait\u00e9 de Zologie Systematique, Biologie","author":"Rochon\u2010Duvigneaud A.","year":"1950"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Scolaro J. A.1984Revisi\u00f3n sobre Biolog\u00eda de la Reproducci\u00f3n del Pinguino de Magallanes (Spheniscus magellanicus). El Ciclo Biol\u00f3gico Anual. Centro Nacional Patag\u00f3nico Contribuci\u00f3n No. 91."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"El pinguino de Magallanes (Spheniscus magellanicus). II: Biolog\u00eda y desarrollo de la incubaci\u00f3n en la colonia de Punta Tombo, Chubut, Argentina","volume":"2","author":"Scolaro J. A.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Rev. Museo Arg. Cs. Nat. B. Rivadavia, Ecol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-249403-1.50013-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z76-151"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00656636"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z79-040"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1987.0005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1050310302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"The structural basis of ocular accommodation in the chick","volume":"42","author":"Suburo A. M.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Rev. Can. Biol. Exptl."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1521004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"The eye of penguins. Is it an adaptation for deep diving","volume":"6","author":"Suburo A. M.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Com. Biol. 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