{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:37:53Z","timestamp":1759883873977,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,3]],"date-time":"2005-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4143,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>DiI, a fluorescent lipophilic dye, was micro\u2010injected into the brachial somites of 10.5 day rat embryos to determine whether these somites can contribute cells to the development of the fore\u2010limb bud. The injected embryos were cultured and harvested at the 20\u201325\u2010somite stage. The dye did not interfere with somitogenesis because, at the injection site, the DiI\u2010labelled somites were able to differentiate into dermomyotome and sclerotome. We have analyzed cryo\u2010sections of 20\u201321\u2010somite stage embryos and were unable detect the presence of DiI\u2010labelled cells in the fore\u2010limb buds. However, at the 22\u2010somite stage, a few DiI\u2010positive cells were found in the proximal region of the limb bud. These labelled cells had migrated into the limb from the lateral border of the dermomyotome. From the 23\u2010somite stage onwards, there were even more DiI\u2010positive cells inside the limb. We have performed an additional set of experiments to confirm that the somitic cells do have the ability to invade and colonize the limb bud. This was achieved by first labelling newly formed somites isolated from the caudal region of 10.5 day embryos with DiI and then grafting them into corresponding regions in 8\u201311\u2010somite stage hosts. The donor somites were not orientated when they were implanted into the host. However, this did not disrupt their ability to undergo normal somitogenesis. We have detected the presence of DiI\u2010positive cells in the limb buds of approximately 71% of the 19\u201330\u2010somite stage embryos that have been examined. This is similar to what we obtained for the injected embryos. Nevertheless, there is one slight difference and that is the stage the somitic cells begin their invasion of the limb. For the injected embryos, migration began at the 22\u2010somite stage but in the transplanted embryos, it commenced as early as the 18\u2010somite stage. We have also investigated the myogenic potential of the fore\u2010limb bud at various stages of development to ascertain whether there is a correlation between the stage the somitic cells first appear in the limb bud and the stage the bud acquires the capacity to form skeletal muscles. This was realized by culturing fore\u2010limb buds excised from 18\u201330\u2010somite stage embryos conventionally and in the kidney capsules of adult rats. In both methods, bone and cartilage were present in all of the cultures whereas skeletal muscles were only present in cultured explants older than the 21\u201322\u2010somite stage. The appearances of skeletal muscles in the cultures correlated exactly with the stage somitic cells began their invasion of limb (as seen in the DiI injected embryos). Based upon the indirect evidence that has been obtained, we tentatively propose that the brachial musculature of the rat embryo is derived from the somites while bone and cartilage are formed by the somatopleure of the limb. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001980203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,26]],"date-time":"2005-02-26T11:24:59Z","timestamp":1109417099000},"page":"86-96","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Role of the brachial somites in the development of the appendicular musculature in rat embryos"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Kenneth K. H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lung\u2010Yam","family":"Sze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(77)90160-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"343","article-title":"Role of the somitic tissue in the development of the urodelan amphibia","volume":"71","author":"Amano H.","year":"1960","journal-title":"Arch. Biol (Liege)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.107.4.931","article-title":"The contribution made by cells from a single somite to tissues within a body segment and assessment of their integration with similar cells from adjacent segments","volume":"107","author":"Bagnall K. M.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"263","article-title":"An in situ transgenic enzyme marker to monitor migration of cells in the mid\u2010gestation mouse embryo: somite contribution to the early forelimb bud","volume":"6","author":"Beddington R. S. P.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Brachial muscles in the chick embryo: the fate of individual somites","volume":"77","author":"Beresford B.","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00300553"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402600110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"245","article-title":"Limb\u2010somite relationship: Origin of the limb musculature","volume":"41","author":"Christ B.","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2013-3_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Role of the somitic mesoderm in the development of the thorax in bird embryos. II. Origin of thoracic and appendicular musculature","volume":"49","author":"Chevallier A.","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00316649"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"221","article-title":"Les premiers stades de la formation de l'ebauche des nageoire pelvienne de Truite (salmo faire et salmo gairdneri)","volume":"29","author":"Geraudie J.","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"387","volume-title":"Vertebrate Limb and Somite Morphogenesis","author":"Goel S. C.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1050880104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00361336"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00343373"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00304995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","first-page":"415","article-title":"Myogenic differentiation in early chick wing mesenchyme in the absence of the brachial somites","volume":"90","author":"Kenny\u2010Moobs T.","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.100.3.449","article-title":"Autonomy of differentiation in avian brachial somites and the influence of adjacent tissues","volume":"100","author":"Kenny\u2010Moobs T.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00395956"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(87)90174-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(73)90061-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00710403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00305066"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00186461"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092360317"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000010204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","first-page":"323","article-title":"Tissue patterning in the developing mouse limb","volume":"34","author":"Martin P.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4831-9949-8.50008-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","first-page":"315","article-title":"Contribution cellulaire des somites a la genese des bourgeons de membres posterieurs chez la souris","volume":"87","author":"Milaire J.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch. Biol. (Bruxelles)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Early structural changes associated with the onset of fore\u2010limb development in the mouse","volume":"98","author":"Milaire J.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.114.2.339"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.111.4.1097"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"373","volume-title":"Vertebrate Limb and Somite Morphogensis","author":"Reynaud A.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/341303a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00185517"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.108.4.605"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(84)90218-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199630882.003.0017","volume-title":"Postimplantation Mammalian Embryo","author":"Tam P. P. L.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2013-3_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00301826"}],"container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Faja.1001980203","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aja.1001980203","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T21:07:38Z","timestamp":1759871258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aja.1001980203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,10]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/aja.1001980203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aja.1001980203","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-8388","1097-0177"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1058-8388"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-0177"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,10]]}}}