{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T03:01:38Z","timestamp":1789873298102,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Botany"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Premise<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patterned fens, patches of short, sparse, species\u2010rich vegetation often occur on substrates rich in precipitated carbonates near calcareous springheads, with taller, denser vegetation farther away. Boyer and Wheeler (1989) hypothesized that phosphorus co\u2010precipitation near springheads limits plant productivity and coverage, and Givnish (1982) proposed that aggregations of rare, short\u2010statured plant species might reflect their competitive restriction to sparsely covered microsites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We tested these hypotheses by quantifying species distributions, leaf heights, plant coverage, community composition, and substrate and leaf chemistry of <jats:italic>Eupatorium perfoliatum<\/jats:italic> along a gradient of hydrology and geochemistry in a wetland complex in southeastern Wisconsin, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">USA<\/jats:styled-content>, ranging from marl flats and fens on peat mounds near springheads to surrounding sedge meadows.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Community composition was strongly correlated with a one\u2010dimensional environmental gradient along which coverage and height increased moving downslope from marl flats, while soil carbonate, phosphorus immobilization capacity, and local species richness decreased, consistent with theory. Regionally rare species were short and restricted to sparsely covered microsites; within and among species, leaf height increased with local coverage. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPK<\/jats:styled-content> tissue stoichiometry did not entirely support the Boyer\u2010Wheeler hypothesis, although nitrogen limitation appeared strongest in sedge meadows. Shifts in stature and tissue chemistry of <jats:italic>E. perfoliatum<\/jats:italic> along the marl flat\u2013sedge meadow gradient suggested that zinc toxicity may help limit coverage near springheads despite no significant change in soil zinc content.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We propose a modified Boyer\u2010Wheeler hypothesis to account for cascading effects of phosphorus co\u2010precipitation near springheads on nitrogen fixation, nitrogen+phosphorus co\u2010limitation, and zinc mobility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.1298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T07:56:31Z","timestamp":1559548591000},"page":"807-820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Plant distribution, stature, rarity, and diversity in a patterned calcareous fen: tests of geochemical and leaf\u2010height models"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Laurie A.","family":"Stockmeier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany University of Wisconsin  Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3166-4566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Givnish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany University of Wisconsin  Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1204498"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2389.1998.4940693.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1672\/0277-5212(2002)022[0301:TZFOTG]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1672\/0277-5212(2003)023[0608:FOTUSD]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1999)080[2151:PINAAP]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2745.1998.8650717.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3237333"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009779415919"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13144"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1672\/0277-5212(2005)025[0685:RAEFVZ]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2260772"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"Carpenter Q. 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