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Trait matching has been almost unexplored among nonheterostylous species, and we examined whether the match of anther length in pollen donors and stigma length in pollen recipients influences the efficiency of cross\u2010pollination. To explore potential constraints for evolutionary response, we also quantified genetic variation and covariation among sepal length, petal length and width, stamen length, style length, and herkogamy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We created 58 experimental arrays of <jats:italic>Turnera velutina<\/jats:italic> that varied in the extent of mismatch in the position of anthers and stigmas between single\u2010flowered plants. Genetic variation and correlations among flower traits were estimated under greenhouse conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Style length, but not herkogamy, influenced the efficiency of cross\u2010pollination. Plants with stamen length that matched the style length of other plants were more efficient pollen donors, whereas those with the style protruding above the stamens of other plants were more efficient pollen recipients. Significant broad\u2010sense heritability (0.22\u2009&gt;\u2009<jats:italic>h<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009&lt;\u20090.42) and moderate genetic correlations (0.33\u2009&gt;\u2009<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.85) among floral traits were detected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results demonstrated that anther\u2010stigma mismatch between flowers contributed to variation in the efficiency of cross\u2010pollination. The genetic correlations between stamen length and other floral traits suggests that any change in cross\u2010pollination efficiency would be driven by changes in style rather than in stamen length.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.16377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:30:40Z","timestamp":1721089840000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of anther\u2010stigma position on cross\u2010pollination efficiency in a hermaphroditic plant"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2438-7193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matias C.","family":"Baranzelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico Ciudad de M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Ecolog\u00eda Evolutiva y Biolog\u00eda Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biolog\u00eda Vegetal (IMBIV) CONICET \u2010 Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Ochoa\u2010S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico Ciudad de M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4734-839X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio E.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0660-0627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Baena\u2010D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red de Ecoetolog\u00eda, Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda A.C Xalapa M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3795-3951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Sosenski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONAHCYT \u2013 Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Yucat\u00e1n M\u00e9rida Yucat\u00e1n M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2971-080X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina","family":"Boege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico Ciudad de M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7404-2260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar A.","family":"Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico Ciudad de M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4157-6431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Fornoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico Ciudad de M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Estudios sistem\u00e1ticos en Turnera (Turneraceae). 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