{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T17:49:08Z","timestamp":1783705748476,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Botany"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Premise<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plants produce an array of floral olfactory and visual cues to attract pollinators, including volatile organic compounds (VOC), which mediate plant\u2013pollinator interactions and may be influenced by herbivory and neighboring plants. Consequently, these factors may affect plant fitness by disrupting pollination. However, most evidence comes from controlled experiments, limiting our understanding of how VOCs function in natural populations. This study investigated how herbivory and conspecific ramet density influence floral VOC profile, pollination, and seed production in a naturally occurring population of <jats:italic>Solidago altissima<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recorded leaf herbivory and ramet density surrounding one focal ramet in 1\u2010m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> plots. We collected VOCs from the floral headspace and measured ovary fertilization as a proxy for pollination success and the number of seeds produced by the focal ramet.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings revealed interactive effects between ramet density and herbivory on floral VOC emission, richness, and diversity. Specifically, at lower ramet densities, herbivory did not affect floral volatile emissions. However, in highly dense stands, herbivory suppressed floral volatile emissions. Despite these changes, floral volatiles did not affect pollination and the number of seeds in <jats:italic>S. altissima<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our field\u2010based findings underscore the importance of understanding the complex responses of floral VOCs to environmental stressors and their contributions to plant reproduction within natural communities. Our results suggest that while herbivory and ramet density influence floral scent, these changes do not affect reproduction in our study. Ultimately, generalist\u2010pollinated plants like <jats:italic>S. altissima<\/jats:italic> might not rely heavily on chemical signaling during pollination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.16414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T02:40:18Z","timestamp":1728355218000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impacts of ramet density and herbivory on floral volatile emissions and seed production in <i>Solidago altissima<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0649-7412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob E.","family":"Herschberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Entomology and Nematology Department University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2766-3667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukasz","family":"Ciesla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1834-308X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Stieha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Millersville University Millersville PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7578-2858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f4nica F.","family":"Kersch\u2010Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Center for Chemical Ecology, and Ecology Institute Pennsylvania State University, University Park  PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Evolutionary ecology across three trophic levels: Goldenrods, gallmakers, and natural enemies (MPB\u201029)","author":"Abrahamson W. G.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/05-0118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0706.2000.890308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-020-01213-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2012.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-012-2539-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120242"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-023-05361-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511542701.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2017-066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.13424"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005695"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.12055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/oik.03376"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-015-0597-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.34.010189.002531"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/1439-1791-00129"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2008.16819.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ppees.2019.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/06-1155.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"Fox J. andS.Weisberg.2019. An R companion to applied regression version 3. Websitehttps:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/car[accessed 15 January 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00606-013-0763-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1942589"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","unstructured":"Hartig F.2022.DHARMa: Residual diagnostics for hierarchical (multi\u2010level\/mixed) regression models version 0.4.6. Websitehttps:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/DHARMa[accessed 15 January 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2004.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2006.01220.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-009-1346-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/een.12280"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2010.01789.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1570-7458.2007.00594.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.1594"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00049-012-0117-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2009.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/11-0756.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/ETLS20190121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/10-1945.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062406"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2006.02995.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-018-1541-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-013-0275-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/14-1097.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.12816"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12512"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eea.12337"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","article-title":"Ecological consequences of clonal integration in plants","volume":"7","author":"Liu F.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2426744"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2015.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2011.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.00772"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.2707"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12793"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2000)081[0030:FIOHTI]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-010715-023826"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","unstructured":"Oksanen J. F. G.Blanchet M.Friendly R.Kindt P.Legendre D.McGlinn P. R.Minchin et al.2019.vegan: Community ecology package version 2.6\u20104. Website:https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/vegan\/[accessed 15 January 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031971"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mct199"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5266(02)00251-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/07-0614.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","unstructured":"R Core Team.2022.R: A language and environment for statistical computing version 4.2.2. Website:https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/[accessed 15 January 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3547045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7429.2006.00136.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/498433"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13243"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2013.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12783"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/285896"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/oik.08445"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.16496"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/707863"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4141\/cjps80-194"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2016.01.001"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Botany"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajb2.16414","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T22:03:09Z","timestamp":1759874589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajb2.16414"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajb2.16414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajb2.16414","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9122","1537-2197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9122","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e16414"}}