{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:41:58Z","timestamp":1759884118119,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Botany"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Premise<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prairies are among the most threatened biomes due to changing patterns of climate and land use, yet information on genetic variation in key species that would inform conservation is often limited. We assessed evidence for the geographic scale of population\u2010level variation in growth of two species of prairie clover and of their symbiotic associations with nitrogen\u2010fixing bacteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seed representing two species, <jats:italic>Dalea candida<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>D. purpurea<\/jats:italic>, from the same five source populations were planted into an experimental site in Minnesota. We assessed variation within and among source populations in plant growth and in numbers of nodules and evaluated the relationship of growth and nodulation levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plant growth varied among source populations, with greater differences among populations of <jats:italic>D. purpurea<\/jats:italic> than of <jats:italic>D. candida<\/jats:italic>. We did not detect a relationship between plant growth and distance of source populations from the experimental site. Populations of both species were equally likely to develop nodules at the experimental site, but the numbers of nodules were lowest for the most distantly sourced populations. Plant growth was positively correlated with the number of nodules, and this relationship varied considerably within and among populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Environmental heterogeneity at local and regional scales maintains substantial levels of genetic variation in plant populations within remnant prairie preserves. Further, association with rhizobia at a restoration site can improve growth of widely sourced plant populations. The in situ maintenance of plant genetic variation and species diversity provides resources for conservation and maintenance of prairie biomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.16450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]],"date-time":"2025-01-04T00:34:33Z","timestamp":1735950873000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The geographic scale of population\u2010level variation in growth and nodulation differs for two species of prairie clover"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6765-4293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrien C. M.","family":"Pozzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Twin Cities St Paul 55108 MN USA"},{"name":"Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, UMR CNRS 5557, UMR INRAE 1418, VetAgro Sup Villeurbanne 69622 France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5980-9291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth G.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Twin Cities St Paul 55108 MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4507-9408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgiana","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Twin Cities St Paul 55108 MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acasuso\u2010Rivero C. C. J.Murren C. D.Schlichting andU. K.Steiner.2019. Adaptive phenotypic plasticity for life\u2010history and less fitness\u2010related traits.Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences286: 20190653.","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2019.0653"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02649"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2006.00927.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-018-0046-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2011.01940.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.2188"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb7222"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.1432"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.02815"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.13836"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-84-1-188"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2012.02524.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnc.2021.126004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bocard D. F.Gillet andP.Legendre.2011. Numerical ecology with R 235\u2013237. Springer Science+Business Media NY NY USA.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-7976-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-5958"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2021GL094514"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/707322"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-110411-160516"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.16045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-012-4429-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.16070"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2016.1564"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v064.i04"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00275514.2020.1813487"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doebeli M. andN.Knowlton.1998. The evolution of interspecific mutualisms.Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA95: 8676\u20138680.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.15.8676"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6785-14-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.16602"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02272-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2010.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511817359"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/303382"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/csp2.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/707323"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.3012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.13268"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2009.00913.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.1435"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heath K. D. andP.Tiffin.2007. Context dependence in the coevolution of plant and rhizobial mutualists.Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences274: 1905\u20101912.","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2007.0495"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/527496"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure","volume":"6","author":"Holm S.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Statistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-8137.1997.00729.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2004.00684.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.12938"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43705-022-00107-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/14-2402.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12490"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2016.0989"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","unstructured":"McLaren M. R. andB. J.Callahan.2021. Silva 138.1 prokaryotic SSU taxonomic training data formatted for DADA2. Zenodo.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.4587954[accessed March 2021]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.13366"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1136237"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medeiros L. P. G.Garcia J. N.Thompson andP. R.GuimaraesJr.2018. The geographic mosaic of coevolution in mutualistic networks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA115: 12017\u201012022.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1809088115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.13493"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.181124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.4171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/587077"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","unstructured":"OksanenJ. F. G.Blanchet M.Friendly R.Kindt P.Legendre D.McGlinn P. R.Minchin et al.2019. vegan: Community ecology package. R package version 2.5\u20105. Websitehttps:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=vegan"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","unstructured":"Pain R.2024. Evolutionary impacts of assisted gene flow: fitness consequences of hybridization along a geo\u2010climatic gradient in an annual prairie legume. Ph.D. dissertation University of Minnesota St Paul MN USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.1603"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13755"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2016.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027935"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","unstructured":"POWO.2024. Plants of the world online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Websitehttp:\/\/www.plantsoftheworldonline.org\/[accessed 23 July 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2007.00266.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","unstructured":"RStudio Core Team.2016. RStudio: integrated development for R. RStudio Boston MA USA. Websitehttp:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","unstructured":"R Core Team.2019. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing Vienna Austria. Websitehttps:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.16704"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-016-0698-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-011720-090819"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rec.14058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rec.13464"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15222"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.12258"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-011-1958-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14474"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2664.2000.00470.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2007.01278.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2006)87[931:SDORFI]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2009.00860.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00062-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","first-page":"e24","article-title":"Package \u2018corrplot\u2019","volume":"56","author":"Wei T.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Statistician"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2001.1878"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Westhoek A. L. J.Clark M.Culbert N.Dalchau M.Griffiths B.Jorrin R.Karunakaran et al.2021. Conditional sanctioning in a legume\u2013Rhizobium mutualism.Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA118: e2025760118.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2025760118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2006.01258.x"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Botany"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajb2.16450","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T22:43:33Z","timestamp":1759877013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajb2.16450"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajb2.16450"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajb2.16450","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9122","1537-2197"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9122"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1537-2197"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e16450"}}