{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T01:58:23Z","timestamp":1785463103677,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Botany"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Premise<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Since its emergence in the Mesozoic,\n                      <jats:italic>Sequoia<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Cupressaceae) has been considered to possess conserved leaf morphology. However, recent studies have shown that the leaves of extant\n                      <jats:italic>S. sempervirens<\/jats:italic>\n                      become smaller, with a scale form, with increasing tree height. The fossil\u2010genus\n                      <jats:italic>Protosequoia<\/jats:italic>\n                      has a similar scale leaf morphology, but its relationship to co\u2010occurring\n                      <jats:italic>Sequoia<\/jats:italic>\n                      fossils, which bear linear leaves, remains unresolved.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To resolve this relationship, we re\u2010examined specimens of two fossil species of\n                      <jats:italic>Sequoia<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Protosequoia<\/jats:italic>\n                      from the Upper Miocene of Japan, focusing on leaf epidermal morphology and vascular bundle structure in the bract\u2013scale complexes of seed cones.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified fossil specimens with two types of shoots that were preserved in organic connection, but they had previously been classified as different genera. As the leaf shape changed from linear to scale, stomatal orientation shifted from parallel to the midrib to irregular, and epidermal cells gradually became shorter. Seed cones contained fewer than 30 bract\u2013scale complexes with rhombic distal surfaces marked by horizontal grooves. In cross section, scales had rhombically arranged vascular bundles and several abaxial resin canals. Seeds had broad wings, and male strobili were mostly spherical.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The connected shoots, which shift in leaf stomatal features, and similarities in reproductive structure of the fossils suggest that the two genera represent the same species. Therefore, we propose a new\n                      <jats:italic>Sequoia<\/jats:italic>\n                      species characterized by densely branched twigs bearing smaller scale leaves, possibly reflecting an adaptation to different climatic conditions, compared to other species.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.70227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T11:16:34Z","timestamp":1782299794000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Taxonomic reassessment of fossil\n                    <i>Sequoia<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Protosequoia<\/i>\n                    from the Upper Miocene of Central Honshu, Japan, with implications for leaf morphological variation in extant\n                    <i>S. sempervirens<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6348-2170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shun","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Horticulture Chiba University 648 Matsudo Chiba 271\u20108510 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1481-6858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arata","family":"Momohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Horticulture Chiba University 648 Matsudo Chiba 271\u20108510 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Swarm of Pinus trifolia cones in the Miocene Tokiguchi Porcelain Clay Formation in central Japan, and its preservative process","volume":"20","author":"Ando Y.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Gifu Prefectural Museum"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revpalbo.2011.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.62840"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1005641"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.1841"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.149831"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004420050683"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"A monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys","author":"Farjon A.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revpalbo.2006.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sedgeo.2016.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"Paleoweathering and paleoclimatic condition inferred from paleosol facies in the Miocene Seto Porcelain Clay Formation in the Setouchi Geologic Province, central Japan","volume":"124","author":"Hatano N.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the Geological Society of Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","volume-title":"Flora tertiaria Helvetiae","author":"Heer O.","year":"1855"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Noroshi flora of Noto Peninsula, Central Japan. 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