{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T15:42:05Z","timestamp":1787326925367,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Botany"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Premise<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tulips are one of the best\u2010known geophytes, but their taxonomy remains convoluted and their evolutionary history poorly understood. Here, we used plastid genomes to identify some issues with current classification, understand the diversification history of the genus, and identify potential species linked to historical cultivation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We gathered a large number of tulip specimens from living collections, herbaria, and online sources and through extensive fieldwork to infer maximum likelihood phylogenies of the plastid genomes of\n                      <jats:italic>Tulipa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Liliaceae), representing ~86% of accepted species alongside a range of occasionally accepted synonyms. We used BEAST and secondary calibration points to date the tree, before assessing the biogeographical history of the genus using BioGeoBEARS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Based on our results, we described a fifth subgenus,\n                      <jats:italic>Eduardoregelia<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and identified a range of species where our results do not align with current taxonomy. Our data suggests the genus diverged from a clade containing\n                      <jats:italic>Amana<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Erythronium<\/jats:italic>\n                      around 32.5 million years ago (Mya), with the most recent common ancestor existing around 22.8 Mya in the broader Central Asia region, a period that saw rapid uplift of mountain ranges and associated aridification in the region. The genus primarily diversified in Central Asia with rapid radiations within the last 10 My, possibly as a response to further orogenesis. Several migrations outside of the ancestral region have occurred, primarily via the steppes of Kazakhstan and Russia and along the Caucasus and Iranian and Anatolian Mountains to the eastern Mediterranean region. We also provide evidence that the maternal lineage of the garden tulip involved several species including\n                      <jats:italic>T. scardica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>T. suaveolens<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Many tulip species present limited diagnostic characters, making their taxonomy difficult, compounded by their long use in horticulture and widespread hybridization, especially in gardens. We provide an up\u2010to\u2010date phylogenetic framework for this genus that may help resolve many taxonomic issues in the future, while highlighting further work to be done. We reinforce the importance of Central Asia in the evolutionary history of this genus and provide an important foundation for further study of\n                      <jats:italic>Tulipa<\/jats:italic>\n                      and more effective conservation of wild tulip species.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.70232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:40:43Z","timestamp":1785908443000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phylogenomic insights into the genus\n                    <i>Tulipa<\/i>\n                    (Liliaceae): Taxonomy, evolution, and biogeography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5181-2875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brett","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1398-8743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maarten J. M.","family":"Christenhusz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Richmond Surrey UK"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1105-5069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathanael","family":"Walker\u2010Hale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7803-8525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalya","family":"Beshko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Botany Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences Durmon yuli str. 32 Tashkent 100125 Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7044-8589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariyo","family":"Boboev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kulob Botanical Garden Khatlon Scientific Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan Kulob 735360 Tajikistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0532-1722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin","family":"Clubbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Richmond Surrey UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2762-5268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davron","family":"Dekhkonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Namangan State University Boburshox str., 161 Namangan 160107 Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aibek","family":"Dolotbakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry and Phytotechnology National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic Bishkek Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5814-614X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Firat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Department of Biology Van Y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fc Y\u0131l University Van TR\u201065080 Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3977-4180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Freeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Richmond Surrey UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8677-4557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sjaak","family":"de Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beeklaan 19 Lisse (de Zilk) 2191AA The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5688-9679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avni","family":"Hajdari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science University of Prishtina \u201cHasan Prishtina\u201d Prishtin\u00eb Kosovo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgy A.","family":"Lazkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic Bishkek Kyrgyz Republic"},{"name":"Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia (Bishkek) Bishkek Kyrgyz Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6713-3734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ormon","family":"Sultangaziev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fauna &amp; Flora International Bishkek Kyrgyz Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2846-5777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Komiljon S.","family":"Tojibaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Botany Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences Durmon yuli str. 32 Tashkent 100125 Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben J. M.","family":"Zonneveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Tropical Botany Section Darwinweg 2 Leiden 2333CR The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4931-9384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaiyrkul T.","family":"Shalpykov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry and Phytotechnology National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic Bishkek Kyrgyzstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1216-219X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel F.","family":"Brockington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08822-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/384450a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"512","article-title":"Phylogeny and biogeography of Erythronium (Liliaceae) inferred from chloroplast matK and nuclear rDNA ITS sequences","volume":"28","author":"Allen G. A.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Systematic Botany"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25147874"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"FastQC: a quality tool for high throughput sequence data","author":"Andrew S.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syx061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-018-0236-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-1116-4_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abb8227"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Tulips: taxonomy, morphology, cytology, phytogeography and physiology [translated from Russian, edited by H. Varekamp]","author":"Botschantzeva Z.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006650"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10549811.2014.901918"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.13276"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1222975"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/gix120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12705\/622.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/boj.12061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tax.12786"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","volume-title":"Rariorum plantarum historia, quae accesserint, proxima pagina docebit","author":"Clusius C.","year":"1601"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2013.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund.2016. Mountains of Central Asia. Websitehttp:\/\/www.cepf.net\/resources\/hotspots\/Europe-and-Central-Asia\/Pages\/Mountains-of-Central-Asia.aspx[accessed 13 July 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bfgp\/elq031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","volume-title":"Tulips and their natural history","author":"De Groot J. J.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Tulipa zonneveldii (Liliaceae), a new species from the eastern Chatkal Mountains of Kyrgyzstan","volume":"93","author":"De Groot J. J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Rock Gardener"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Two new tulip species from the Altai mountains, Kazakhstan","volume":"122","author":"De Groot J. J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Rock Gardener"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Tulipa brinkii J.J. de Groot & B.J.M. Zonneveld, a new tulip from the Kuh e Aladag in Iran's North Khorasan province","volume":"145","author":"De Groot J. J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Rock Gardener"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Three new species of Tulipa from Central Asia","volume":"168","author":"De Groot J. J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Rock Gardener"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54981\/PDCA\/vol2_iss2\/a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/njb.04460"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","volume-title":"Atlas Tethys palaeoenvironmental maps","author":"Dercourt J.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2020.106818"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2019.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syab053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10592-005-9073-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05516"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-1051.2009.00591.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11646\/phytotaxa.157.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00606-024-01907-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14258\/turczaninowia.16.3.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","volume-title":"The genus Tulipa. Tulips of the world","author":"Everett D.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","volume-title":"Phylogenetics of the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae): evidence from five plastid DNA regions [abstract 448]","author":"Fay M.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","first-page":"33","volume-title":"The genus Tulipa: tulips of the world","author":"Fay M. F.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-0182(94)90251-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011781"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/546025a"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cla.12153"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2020.106903"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz238"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/299151a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24283-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/416159a"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","volume-title":"WCVP: World checklist of vascular plants, version 2.0","author":"Govaerts R.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ggn2.202100016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","volume-title":"The genus Tulipa","author":"Hall A.","year":"1940"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sed.12390"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(1994)022<0487:LOEMUI>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","volume-title":"On the origin of Tulipa. Lilies and other Liliaceae","author":"Hoog M. H.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.1289"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","first-page":"1245","article-title":"Molecular phylogenetics and historical biogeography of the tribe Lilieae (Liliaceae): bi\u2010directional dispersal between biodiversity hotspots in Eurasia","volume":"122","author":"Huang J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals of Botany"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2011.05.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14258\/turczaninowia.22.3.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-019-2147-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4285"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S1022795416100045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","unstructured":"Kelso N. V. andT.Patterson.2012. World land\u2010based polygon features 1:10 million (2012). Made with Natural Earth. Websitehttps:\/\/earthworks.stanford.edu\/catalog\/stanford-bh326sc0899[accessed 06 June 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00606-012-0654-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/botlinnean\/boy031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","volume-title":"Millennium in Central Europe: a history of Hungary","author":"Kontler L.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz305"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00606-020-01667-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3897\/phytokeys.250.136736"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/648215"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-14-82"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2021.103624"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp324"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparative genomics and phylogenomics of East Asian tulips (Amana, Liliaceae)","volume":"8","author":"Li P.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63609-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","volume-title":"Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus tivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus secundum systema sexuale digestas L","author":"Linnaeus C.","year":"1753"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tecto.2017.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/SP342.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2013TC003376"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bre.12098"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2003.1454"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pld.2023.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.247.4939.192"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","first-page":"302","volume-title":"Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands","author":"Marais W.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syu056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","unstructured":"Matzke N. J.2018. BioGeoBEARS: BioGeography with Bayesian (and likelihood) evolutionary analysis with R scripts version 1.1. 1. San Francisco CA USA. Websitehttps:\/\/github.com\/nmatzke\/BioGeoBEARS."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.14346"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2012.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11646\/phytotaxa.630.1.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"What is Tulipa schrenkii Regel and T. heteropetala Ledeb. (Liliaceae)","volume":"27","author":"Mordak E. V.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.00195"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.13056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3236862"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-90698-0_28"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14728028.2014.928604"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-58685-4_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty633"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.5170"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0869593810020073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13580-018-0055-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_106_1","volume-title":"Plants of the world online","author":"POWO","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1278"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_108_1","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax0149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syy032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/386788a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.13173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210X.2011.00169.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_114_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Palaeogeographic considerations for Mediterranean and Paratethys seaways (Oligocene to Miocene)","volume":"99","author":"R\u00f6gl F.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_115_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Two new Tulipa species from sect. Biflores (subgen. Eriostemones, Liliaceae) described from Iran, Zagros Mountains and Kazakhstan, Zhetysu","volume":"148","author":"Ruk\u0161\u0101ns J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Rock Gardener"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-1116-4_15"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.flora.2019.151504"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_118_1","volume-title":"Checklist of vascular plants of the Tian\u2010Shan Mountain System","author":"Sennikov A. N.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2022.103789"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/G30776.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2008.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2010.12.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx391"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/njb.00374"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11646\/phytotaxa.573.2.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japb.2018.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.1623"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/boj.12040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2012.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.1997.430.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00606-011-0525-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271398"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112963"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7747"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_135_1","first-page":"3372","article-title":"Long\u2010reads reveal that the chloroplast genome exists in two distinct versions in most plants","volume":"11","author":"Wang W.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-5348-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019GL084838"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-016-1214-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005595"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_140_1","volume-title":"Tulipa: the taxonomy and evolutionary history of the genus and its impact on conservation priorities in Central Asia","author":"Wilson B.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-021-02165-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11646\/phytotaxa.566.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0030605318001230"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77492-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25909-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199602605.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcac067"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1058288"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00606-010-0324-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-025-02204-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1424487112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35075035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2006.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_154_1","first-page":"198","volume-title":"Domestication of plants in the Old World","author":"Zohary D.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00606-009-0203-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11646\/phytotaxa.218.2.9"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Botany"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajb2.70232","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ajb2.70232","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajb2.70232","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T14:38:18Z","timestamp":1787323098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajb2.70232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":155,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajb2.70232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajb2.70232","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9122","1537-2197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9122","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70232"}}