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Native\n                      <jats:italic>Phragmites australis<\/jats:italic>\n                      subsp.\n                      <jats:italic>americanus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , likely in decline in North America, is ecologically and culturally important and of conservation interest. In the greater Grand Canyon region, the Glen Canyon Dam led to loss of habitat upstream and increases in\n                      <jats:italic>Phragmites<\/jats:italic>\n                      downstream. Recent increases correspond with changes to dam operations and the arrival of nonnative\n                      <jats:italic>Phragmites<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Determining the native status of\n                      <jats:italic>Phragmites<\/jats:italic>\n                      stands along the Colorado River and around Lake Powell can inform complex management choices and restoration planning.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Phragmites<\/jats:italic>\n                      subspecies at 83 locations from southern Utah through northern Arizona, United States were genetically tested using real\u2010time PCR. Genetic diversity and structure were assessed using microsatellite loci for 13 native\n                      <jats:italic>Phragmites<\/jats:italic>\n                      stands. Morphological traits of southwestern native\n                      <jats:italic>Phragmites<\/jats:italic>\n                      were compared to those of nonnative\n                      <jats:italic>Phragmites<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nonnative\n                      <jats:italic>Phragmites<\/jats:italic>\n                      was identified at four of the 83 locations. Native\n                      <jats:italic>Phragmites<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the study area is genetically diverse with little regional genetic structure, but substantial genetic differentiation among sites. Southwestern native\n                      <jats:italic>Phragmites<\/jats:italic>\n                      is morphologically variable, but characteristics can be used together to distinguish it from nonnative\n                      <jats:italic>Phragmites<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The greater Grand Canyon and Glen Canyon regions support a large, genetically diverse native\n                      <jats:italic>Phragmites<\/jats:italic>\n                      population, which is potentially threatened by nonnative\n                      <jats:italic>Phragmites<\/jats:italic>\n                      and changes to river management. Determining conditions that would lead to nonnative\n                      <jats:italic>Phragmites<\/jats:italic>\n                      invasion of desert wetlands will facilitate discussions about the risks and benefits of\n                      <jats:italic>Phragmites<\/jats:italic>\n                      management in these unique ecosystems.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.70258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T05:14:06Z","timestamp":1789362846000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["At the edge of change: Native\n                    <i>Phragmites<\/i>\n                    persistence and nonnative arrival along the dam\u2010regulated Colorado River"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1069-2154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily C.","family":"Palmquist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center Flagstaff 86001 AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3150-4992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel B.","family":"Sankey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center Flagstaff 86001 AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2457-0513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"DiMartini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center Flagstaff 86001 AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tayan","family":"Benson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Arizona University, Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals Flagstaff 86001 AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooke","family":"Damon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Arizona University, School of Earth and Sustainability Flagstaff 86001 AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6151-4804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Fairley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center Flagstaff 86001 AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0974-9811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bradley J.","family":"Butterfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff 86001 AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/inp.2024.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11111380"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"184","volume-title":"Manual of grasses for North America north of Mexico","author":"Allred K. 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