{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T12:12:07Z","timestamp":1790079127080,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000153","name":"Division of Biological Infrastructure","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DBI\u20102243824"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DBI\u20102243824"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000153","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Botany"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Premise<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The evolutionary history of morphologically variable plant groups is often obscured by cryptic diversity, morphological convergence, and limited genetic data.\n                      <jats:italic>Arisaema<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a diverse genus within Araceae, exemplifies these challenges. Although some taxonomic treatments recognize only two species of North American\n                      <jats:italic>Arisaema<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>A. dracontium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>A. triphyllum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), other studies have identified morphologically distinct groups within both taxa. Here, we reconstructed evolutionary relationships in North American\n                      <jats:italic>Arisaema<\/jats:italic>\n                      , assessed genetic structure and admixture, and tested the monophyly of proposed species.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used 2b\u2010RAD sequencing to generate genome\u2010wide SNP data for 146 samples from 31 populations across the eastern United States. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using maximum\u2010likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Population structure and admixture were assessed using the program\n                      <jats:sc>structure<\/jats:sc>\n                      and principal component analysis (PCA).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both the\n                      <jats:italic>Arisaema triphyllum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>A. dracontium<\/jats:italic>\n                      complexes formed well\u2010supported monophyletic groups. Within the\n                      <jats:italic>A. dracontium<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex, we recovered three monophyletic lineages:\n                      <jats:italic>A. dracontium<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>A. calciphilum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>A. macrospathum<\/jats:italic>\n                      . In the\n                      <jats:italic>A. triphyllum<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex,\n                      <jats:italic>A. quinatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>A. stewardsonii<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>A. allegheniense<\/jats:italic>\n                      consistently formed distinct groups. Relationships between\n                      <jats:italic>A. pusillum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>A. acuminatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and among\n                      <jats:italic>A. triphyllum<\/jats:italic>\n                      s.s.,\n                      <jats:italic>A. purpurascens<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>A. striatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      were less clearly resolved, likely due to recent or incomplete divergence, gene flow, or polyploidy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results support the monophyly of multiple newly proposed taxa within North American\n                      <jats:italic>Arisaema<\/jats:italic>\n                      , but additional sampling across the species' ranges is needed to fully resolve species boundaries. Our study provides the first evolutionary framework for this group, providing a foundation for future ecological, taxonomic, and conservation research in the genus.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.70260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T09:37:51Z","timestamp":1789465071000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Untangling the\n                    <i>Arisaema<\/i>\n                    enigma: Investigating the complex evolutionary history and species relationships in North American\n                    <i>Arisaema<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9453-3594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luka","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden St. Louis 63110 MO USA"},{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Brown University Providence 02912 RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Wyatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Museum of Natural History University of Georgia Athens 30602 GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Stoneburner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Museum of Natural History University of Georgia Athens 30602 GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7527-7926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca Y.","family":"Kartzinel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Brown University Providence 02912 RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7426-4461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brock","family":"Mashburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden St. Louis 63110 MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8837-4872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine E.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden St. Louis 63110 MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Andrews S.2010. 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