{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:58:35Z","timestamp":1790859515040,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Botany"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Premise<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The inclusion of heterotrophic plants in broader systematic studies is challenging due to substantial morphological modification, gene loss, and accelerated substitution rates following photosynthesis loss. In particular, inclusion of very long branch (VLB) taxa with highly elevated rates may lead to phylogenomic misinference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We explored how rapidly evolving plastomes behave in model\u2010based phylogenetic inferences in the yam order Dioscoreales, which experienced convergent photosynthesis losses. Our taxon sampling included mycoheterotrophic lineages displaying a broad range of substitution rates and all photosynthetic genera.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      When only moderately rapidly evolving heterotrophs are included, relationships within Dioscoreales are congruent with recent mitochondrial analysis, and generally strongly supported. Photosynthetic\n                      <jats:italic>Stenomeris<\/jats:italic>\n                      (represented by only three genes) is moderately supported as sister to Dioscoreaceae. Notably, Burmanniaceae and Thismiaceae, two mycoheterotrophic families including highly reduced plastomes, are strongly supported as distantly related within Dioscoreales. Constrained analysis rejects combining Thismiaceae with Burmanniaceae, conflicting with current angiosperm classification. Including a subset of VLB mycoheterotrophs in phylogenetic inference results in localized or broad reduction in branch support\u2014substantially so for Afrothismiaceae, a family placing in disparate locations in Dioscoreales (and beyond) in variant analyses, with no ability to differentiate among its alternative placements.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inclusion of highly rate\u2010elevated taxa in analyses of Dioscoreales phylogeny can depress branch support. Inferred relationships in the order are otherwise congruent with studies based on mitochondrial data; the family\u2010level classification needs updating. The extraordinarily rapidly evolving family Afrothismiaceae places inconsistently in diverse plastid analyses, pointing to probable analytical limits for plastid\u2010based phylogenomic analyses of VLB heterotrophs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.70267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:23:50Z","timestamp":1790857430000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Placing very long branch taxa in the plant tree of life: A case study with Dioscoreales mycoheterotrophs"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1812-7416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marybel","family":"Soto Gomez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany University of British Columbia 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver V6T 1Z4 BC Canada"},{"name":"Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia 2212 Main Mall Vancouver V6T 1Z4 BC Canada"},{"name":"Jodrell Laboratory Royal Botanic Gardens Kew TW9 3DS Richmond UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5477-8000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qianshi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany University of British Columbia 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver V6T 1Z4 BC Canada"},{"name":"Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia 2212 Main Mall Vancouver V6T 1Z4 BC Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biology Lakehead University 955 Oliver Rd Thunder Bay P7B 5E1 ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0015-4045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathaniel J.","family":"Klimpert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany University of British Columbia 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver V6T 1Z4 BC Canada"},{"name":"Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia 2212 Main Mall Vancouver V6T 1Z4 BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0713-0240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivienne K. Y.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany University of British Columbia 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver V6T 1Z4 BC Canada"},{"name":"Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia 2212 Main Mall Vancouver V6T 1Z4 BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5658-8411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Viruel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jodrell Laboratory Royal Botanic Gardens Kew TW9 3DS Richmond UK"},{"name":"Technological College University of Zaragoza Crta Cuarte sn Huesca 22071 Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI) Zaragoza 50018 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3959-8623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent S. F. 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