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We draw upon concepts from implementation science and systems change theory to examine how early implementation occurs within a system. Case studies examining <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content> early implementation were conducted in six Canadian communities receiving <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF TTA<\/jats:styled-content>. The primary data are field notes gathered over 1.5\u00a0years and evaluations from site\u2010specific training events (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a05, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0302) and regional network training events (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0276). We report findings related to: (a) the facilitators of and barriers to early implementation, (b) the influence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTA<\/jats:styled-content> on early implementation, and (c) the \u201clevers\u201d used to facilitate broader systems change. Systems change theory enabled us to understand how various \u201clevers\u201d created opportunities for change within the communities, including establishing system boundaries, understanding how systems components can function as causes of or solutions to a problem, and assessing and changing systems interactions. We conclude by arguing that systems theory adds value to existing implementation science frameworks and can be helpful in future research on the implementation of evidence\u2010based practices such as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content> which is a complex community intervention. Implications for community psychology are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajcp.12219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]],"date-time":"2017-12-18T12:50:02Z","timestamp":1513601402000},"page":"118-130","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Understanding Systems Change in Early Implementation of Housing First in Canadian Communities: An Examination of Facilitators\/Barriers, Training\/Technical Assistance, and Points of Leverage"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"S. Kathleen","family":"Worton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wilfrid Laurier University Waterloo ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Hasford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ryerson University Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Macnaughton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wilfrid Laurier University Waterloo ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wilfrid Laurier University Waterloo ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"MacLeod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wilfrid Laurier University Waterloo ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Tsemberis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathways Housing First Montclair NJ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicky","family":"Stergiopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Goering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Aubry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jino","family":"Distasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Winnipeg Winnipeg MB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Alliance to End Homelessness Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371506001102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201300073"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796016000834","article-title":"New directions for psychiatric rehabilitation in the U.S","volume":"26","author":"Bond G. 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