{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:15:49Z","timestamp":1788585349958,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]],"date-time":"2018-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Comm Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this meta\u2010analytic review, we examined the relation between natural mentoring and youth outcomes in four domains: academic and vocational functioning, social\u2010emotional development, physical health, and psychosocial problems. Natural mentoring relationships are thought to foster positive youth development and buffer against the risks associated with the tumultuous years of adolescence. Two separate meta\u2010analyses were conducted on the presence of a natural mentor and the quality of the natural mentoring relationship, including thirty studies from 1992 to present. The findings indicated that the presence of a natural mentor was significantly associated with positive youth outcomes (<jats:italic>r\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.106). A larger effect size was found for the quality of the natural mentoring relationship in terms of relatedness, social support, and autonomy support (<jats:italic>r\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.208). The largest effect sizes were found for social\u2010emotional development and academic and vocational functioning. Risk\u2010status (e.g., teenage mothers, homeless youth, youth in foster care, and youth of alcoholic parents) did not moderate the relation between presence and quality of natural mentoring relationships and youth outcomes, which may indicate that natural mentors are generally beneficial for all youth regardless of risk\u2010status. Implications for theory and practice concerning the quality of the natural mentoring relationship are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajcp.12248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]],"date-time":"2018-04-25T08:36:45Z","timestamp":1524645405000},"page":"203-220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":147,"title":["Does Natural Mentoring Matter? A Multilevel Meta\u2010analysis on the Association Between Natural Mentoring and Youth Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Van Dam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spirit Youth Care Amsterdam University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Development and Education University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Wildschut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Development and Education University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.J.T.","family":"Branje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.E.","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Boston Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Assink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Development and Education University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.J.J.M.","family":"Stams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Development and Education University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14616734.2012.673277"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5826.2010.00318.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0508"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.12.3.p154"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","unstructured":"Bax(2011).MIX 2.0 \u2013 Professional software for meta\u2010analysis in Excel. version 2.0.1.4 BiostatXL 2011. . Available from http:\/\/www.meta-analysis-madeeasy.com[last accessed December 13 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2533446"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"373","volume-title":"Developmental principles and clinical issues in psychology and psychiatry","author":"Belsky J.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyq040"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15427609.2012.729911"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-014-0095-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17166-1_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","volume-title":"Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment","author":"Bowlby J.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","volume-title":"A secure base: Parent\u2010child attachment and healthy human development","author":"Bowlby J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.20127"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016587115454"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2010.00662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.10068"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X16656615"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","volume-title":"Leisure and non\u2010formal education. A European overview of after\u2010 and out\u2010of school education","author":"Clarijs R.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"Supporting youth in the transition from foster care: Formal and informal connections","volume":"89","author":"Collins M. E.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Welfare Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2011.581623"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/003465430298563"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2014.0133"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014684928461"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014628810714"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1529100611414806"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2003.031476"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-005-1832-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2007.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029279"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.21782"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"The effects of development mentoring on connectedness and academic achievement","volume":"12","author":"Erickson L. D.","year":"2002","journal-title":"School Community Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003804070908200403"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5906.2012.01661.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","volume-title":"Identity: Youth and crisis","author":"Erikson E. H.","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","unstructured":"European Commission(2015).Quality Youth Work: A common framework for the further development of youth work. Report from the Expert Group on Youth Work Quality Systems in the EU Member States. Available from:http:\/\/ec.europa.eu[last accessed October 10 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2009.01405.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-012-9817-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-008-9345-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2008.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2009.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14616734.2014.883636"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-011-9435-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014680827552"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888691.2017.1342539"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cfs.12141"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-011-9608-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038822"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203852279"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031095"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0099361"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-012-9819-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2010.00660.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-010-9325-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654308325693"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_59_1","unstructured":"Jolliffe D. &Farrington D. P.(2007).A Rapid Evidence Assessment of the Impact of Mentoring on Reoffending: A Summary. London: Home Office Online Report 11\/07. Available from:www.homeoffice.gov.uk\/rds\/pdfs07\/rdsolr1107.pdf[last accessed November 13 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-005-1847-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5296\/iss.v4i1.8764"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.1995.tb00092.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1482"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-011-9425-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01311"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2009.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-8791(02)00012-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_68_1","volume-title":"Practical meta\u2010analysis","author":"Lipsey M. W.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.41.9.954"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2007.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-014-9670-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2014.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_73_1","volume-title":"Security of attachment and the social development of cognition","author":"Meins E.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2008.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.10016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00579-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.27.3.381"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_78_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Trends in volunteer mentoring in the United States: Analysis of a decade of census survey data","volume":"1","author":"Raposa E. B.","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajcp.12228"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajcp.12057"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raposa E. B. Stams G. J. J. M. Card N. Schwart S. Burton S. Sykes l. Y. \u2026 &Rhodes J.(2018).The effects of youth mentoring programs: A meta\u2010analysis of outcome studies. Submitted.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-019-00982-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_82_1","volume-title":"Stand by me: The risks and rewards of mentoring today's youth","author":"Rhodes J. E.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412976664.n3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02506863"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00937754"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.20124"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654311421793"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.118.2.183"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1987.tb03541.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.1.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_91_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Impact factor: A valid measure of journal quality?","volume":"91","author":"Saha S.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Library Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.20250"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15427609.2013.786553"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-013-9585-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07351690701310631"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412976664.n8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X13495053"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-011-9429-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2015.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4073\/csr.2013.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsw\/bcx092"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015329"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164403251027"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-008-9220-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457940000612X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_107_1","volume-title":"Detailed summary of meta\u2010analysis performed for \u201cReview of three recent randomized trials of school\u2010based mentoring: Making sense of mixed findings\u201d","author":"Wheeler M. E.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13611267.2011.543573"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_109_1","unstructured":"Wilson D. B.(2013).Practical meta\u2010analysis effect size calculator. Available from:http:\/\/www.campbellcollaboration.org\/escalc\/html\/EffectSizeCalculator-Home.php[last accessed January 4 2018]."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000114"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412976664.n10"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014632911622"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Community Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajcp.12248","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajcp.12248","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ajcp.12248","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajcp.12248","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T13:58:05Z","timestamp":1694181485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajcp.12248"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajcp.12248"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajcp.12248","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-0562","1573-2770"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-0562","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2770","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-04-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}