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Interviews with 28 preventionists from 26 local sites within a large, midwestern state, were conducted to examine individual preventionists'\u00a0problem definitions of SV and ecological factors surrounding implementation. Findings suggest that SV prevention in the state is primarily implemented at the individual\u2010level; when preventionists described engaging in or anticipating outer layer interventions, they were often tertiary (i.e., responding after perpetration; e.g., Sexual Assault Response Teams). A majority expressed problem definitions rooted within the individual (e.g., perpetration due to a lack of consent education), and a majority of implemented efforts matched this individual\u2010level conceptualization. Yet, contradictions between problem definitions (e.g., SV stemming from oppression) and implemented activities (e.g., single\u2010session educational interventions) emerged. Such contradictions may be best understood in light of contextual implementation influences: diverse preventionist job responsibilities, less training\/support for outer layer prevention, preventionist autonomy, leadership messaging, time requirements, partner reticence, and extensive work with schools. Inner layer influences, including identification with job roles, preference for, and a sense of urgency toward\u00a0inner layer work, appeared to interact with contextual factors. Implications across community psychology domains are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajcp.12672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T07:30:52Z","timestamp":1682407852000},"page":"15-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Contradictions in change: Ecological factors in the implementation of outer layer sexual violence prevention"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5233-4227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnes","family":"Rieger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Champaign Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allyson M.","family":"Blackburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Champaign Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apoorva","family":"Nag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Champaign Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hope","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Champaign Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole E.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human and Organizational Development Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801216689164"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 summary report","author":"Black M. 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