{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T13:47:45Z","timestamp":1761486465953},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,18]],"date-time":"2001-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1008633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>High homology, variant alleles, and silent alleles have made the development of completely reliable genotyping assays for the <jats:italic>RHD<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>RHC<\/jats:italic> alleles difficult. An <jats:italic>RHD<\/jats:italic> pseudogene (<jats:italic>RHD<\/jats:italic>\u03c8) possessing a 37\u2010bp insertion within exon 4 is common among serologically RhD\u2010negative individuals of African descent and generates false\u2010positive results in previously reported RhD genotyping assays. Genotyping <jats:italic>RhC<\/jats:italic> is problematic due to exon 2 homology between <jats:italic>RHD<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>RHC<\/jats:italic>; however, an <jats:italic>RHC<\/jats:italic>\u2010specific 109\u2010bp insertion within intron 2 has been reported useful for genotyping. Primers flanking the exon 4 insertion point were used for detection of <jats:italic>RHD<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>RHD<\/jats:italic>\u03c8 among a total of 231 serotyped individuals: 134 African American, 85 Caucasian, and 12 RhD serotype\u2010negative\/genotype\u2010positive, D\u2010sensitized women. Primers flanking the <jats:italic>RHC<\/jats:italic>\u2010specific intron 2 insertion were used to genotype 282 serotyped individuals (128 African American, 154 Caucasian) and were compared to <jats:italic>RHC<\/jats:italic> genotyping using the exon 1 RhC\u2010specific nt48 cytosine polymorphism. Complete correlation was observed between genotyping with the <jats:italic>RHD<\/jats:italic>\u03c8 primer pair and serotyping among 219 individuals and 10\/12 previous <jats:italic>RHD<\/jats:italic> false\u2010positive genotyping results were resolved. <jats:italic>RHD<\/jats:italic>\u03c8 was detected in 19% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4\/21) of RhD seronegative African Americans and 4.4% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5\/113) of RhD seropositive African Americans. When using the 109\u2010bp intron 2 insertion for genotyping of <jats:italic>RHC<\/jats:italic>, a 23.9% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 11\/46) false\u2010negative rate was observed among African American RhCc serotyped heterozygotes. Utilization of the exon 1 nt48 cytosine for indirect genotyping of <jats:italic>RHC<\/jats:italic> yielded a 7.2% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4\/55) and 56.3% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 45\/80) false\u2010positive rate among Rhcc Caucasians and African Americans, respectively. We conclude that these additional reactions, though not sufficient alone, can be useful supplements to existing Rh genotyping assays. Am. J. Hematol. 69:34\u201040, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.10013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T22:17:27Z","timestamp":1030313847000},"page":"34-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Rh genotyping: Avoiding false\u2010negative and false\u2010positive results among individuals of African 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