{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T09:39:07Z","timestamp":1780738747719,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,20]],"date-time":"2003-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1056067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 59\u2010year\u2010old woman suffering from chronic lymphocytic leukemia developed pulmonary lesions; bronchoalveolar lavage was performed for possible systemic fungal infection. However, direct microscopic analysis revealed ciliated protozoa identified as <jats:italic>Balantidium coli. B. coli<\/jats:italic> is the only known pathogenic ciliate, and is usually associated with intestinal infection in areas associated with pig rearing. On very rare occasions the organisms may invade extra\u2010intestinal organs, in this case the lungs of an immunocompromised patient. This case is unusual as balantidiasis is rare in Europe, the patient had no obvious contact with pigs, and there was no history of diarrhea prior to pulmonary colonization. Metronidazole was rapidly administered, and the condition improved after 24\u201348 hr. Am. J. Hematol. 73:180\u2013183, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.10336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,23]],"date-time":"2003-06-23T10:15:21Z","timestamp":1056363321000},"page":"180-183","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Pulmonary <i>Balantidium coli<\/i> infection in a leukemic patient"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Anargyrou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.L.","family":"Petrikkos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.T.E.","family":"Suller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Skiada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.P.","family":"Siakantaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.T.","family":"Osuntoyinbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Pangalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Vaiopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1973.tb200006.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03005006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Balantidiasis: a review and report of cases","volume":"32","author":"Arean VM","year":"1956","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02235994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5089(21)00195-4","article-title":"Giardiasis, isosporiasis and balantidiasis","volume":"7","author":"Knight R","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin Gastoenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"433","article-title":"Abscesso hepatico producido por el Balantidium coli","volume":"2","author":"Wegner F","year":"1967","journal-title":"Casemera"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(84)90036-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01537123"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"A298","article-title":"Balantidium coli infection of lungs: a first case report","volume":"34","author":"O'Conner C","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Resp Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1980.29.530","article-title":"Epidemiologic studies among Amerindian populations of Amazonia. 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