{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T10:28:27Z","timestamp":1773224907843,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,23]],"date-time":"2004-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1090540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary deep venous thrombosis of the upper extremity (UEDVT) is an unusual disorder. Limited data are available on the contribution of hypercoagulable status in the pathogenesis of this disease. This study aims to report the prevalence of inherited and acquired thrombophilic risk factors (TF) in patients with primary (effort\u2010related and spontaneous) UEDVT. From 1993 to 2002, 31 patients (17 females, median age 38.8 years, range 16\u201360 years; and 14 males, median age 31.4 years, range 20\u201356 years) with primary UEDVT (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 15 effort\u2010related and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 16 spontaneous) were referred for screening of hypercoagulable status. Nineteen (61.3%) patients had at least one coagulation abnormality. The most common acquired TF were antiphospholipid antibodies (31% lupus anticoagulant and 12.9% anticardiolipin antibodies). Factor V Leiden (12.9%) and prothrombin G20210A mutation (20%) were the most prevalent genetic risk factors. Five patients (16.1%) had high plasma homocysteine levels, and one patient (4.7%) had protein S deficiency. Effort\u2010related UEDVT was associated with male gender (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04) and younger age (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of acquired or inherited TF between patients with effort\u2010related or spontaneous UEDVT. A local anatomic abnormality was detected in seven patients (22.5%), and the prevalence of TF was significantly lower within this group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.006). The incidence of TF in patients without an anatomic abnormality was 75% (RR 5.25). This study found a high prevalence of an underlying thrombophilic status in spontaneous and effort\u2010related UEDVT. Hypercoagulable status may play a significant role in both groups. Screening for local anatomical abnormalities and thrombophilia should be included in the evaluation of primary UEDVT. Am. J. Hematol. 76:330\u2013337, 2004. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,23]],"date-time":"2004-07-23T17:03:11Z","timestamp":1090602191000},"page":"330-337","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Primary upper\u2010extremity deep vein thrombosis: High prevalence of thrombophilic defects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Mariela F.","family":"Hendler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susana S.","family":"Meschengieser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia N.","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria F.","family":"Alberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria J.","family":"Salvi\u00fa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Gennari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"Lazzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Subclavian vein thrombosis: a continuing challenge","volume":"108","author":"Hill SL","year":"1990","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1074686"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198202043060506"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"561","article-title":"Changing concepts of deep venous thrombosis of the upper extremity: report of a series and review of the literature","volume":"104","author":"Horattas MC","year":"1988","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-9-199705010-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440220061008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.3.382"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.1.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/100.2.99","article-title":"Behavior of diluted activated partial thromboplastin time in pregnant women with lupus anticoagulant","volume":"100","author":"Blanco AN","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/94.4.476"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/39.2.263"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/369064a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0595-111"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V88.10.3698.bloodjournal88103698"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-821X(88)80069-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"89","article-title":"Venous obstruction in the upper extremity (Paget\u2010Schroetter's syndrome). 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