{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T13:27:37Z","timestamp":1777123657465,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,20]],"date-time":"2005-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1135036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten patients developing lymphomas after disease modifying anti\u2010rheumatic drugs (DMARD) (methotrexate, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 3, mean cumulative dose = 3.4 g; cyclophosphamide, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2, mean dose = 70 g; azathioprine, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6, mean dose = 243 g) were investigated. Methotrexate\u2010related lymphomas were Epstein\u2010Barr virus (EBV)\u2010positive, had infrequent aberrant methylation of <jats:italic>p15<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>p16<\/jats:italic>, and responded well to methotrexate withdrawal or anti\u2010CD20 antibody (rituximab) alone without concomitant chemotherapy, implying that defective immunosurveillance was important in lymphomagenesis. However, 75% of cyclophosphamide\/azathioprine\u2010related lymphomas were EBV\u2010negative, had frequent <jats:italic>p15<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>p16<\/jats:italic> methylation, and responded poorly to drug withdrawal and chemotherapy, implying that direct drug\u2010induced mutagenesis might be involved in lymphomagenesis. Am. J. 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