{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:31:33Z","timestamp":1790753493569,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,28]],"date-time":"2007-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The results of studies investigating the relationship of smoking with venous thrombosis are inconsistent. Therefore, in the MEGA study, a large population\u2010based case\u2013control study, we evaluated smoking as a risk factor for venous thrombosis and the joint effect with oral contraceptive use and the factor V Leiden mutation. Consecutive patients with a first venous thrombosis were included from six anticoagulation clinics. Partners of patients were asked to participate and additional controls were recruited using a random digit dialing method. Participants completed a standardized questionnaire. Individuals with known malignancies were excluded from the analyses, leaving a total of 3,989 patients and 4,900 controls. Current and former smoking resulted in a moderately increased risk of venous thrombosis (odds ratio (OR)\n                    <jats:sub>current<\/jats:sub>\n                    1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI95) 1.28\u20131.60, OR\n                    <jats:sub>former<\/jats:sub>\n                    1.23, CI95 1.09\u20131.38) compared with nonsmoking. Adjustment for fibrinogen levels did not substantially change these risk estimates. A high number of pack\u2010years resulted in the highest risk among young current smokers (OR\n                    <jats:sub>\u226520 pack\u2010years<\/jats:sub>\n                    4.30, CI95 2.59\u20137.14) compared with young nonsmokers. Women who were current smokers and used oral contraceptives had an 8.8\u2010fold higher risk (OR 8.79, CI95 5.73\u201313.49) than nonsmoking women who did not use oral contraceptives. Relative to nonsmoking noncarriers, the joint effect of factor V Leiden and current smoking led to a 5.0\u2010fold increased risk; for the prothrombin 20210A mutation this was a 6.0\u2010fold increased risk. In conclusion, smoking appears to be a risk factor for venous thrombosis with the greatest relative effect among young women using oral contraceptives. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,28]],"date-time":"2007-08-28T12:49:42Z","timestamp":1188305382000},"page":"97-102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":197,"title":["Smoking increases the risk of venous thrombosis and acts synergistically with oral contraceptive use"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Elisabeth R.","family":"Pomp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frits R.","family":"Rosendaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carine J.M.","family":"Doggen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)10266-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-38334"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358836X9800300105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.78.3.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-11-200306030-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20000228"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(87)90063-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1614942","article-title":"Activation of the coagulant pathway in cigarette smokers","volume":"79","author":"Miller GJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00149831-200504000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540320044033"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.16.1886"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)90805-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.10.1182"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.22.3415"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2003.0543b.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00191-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","unstructured":"World Health Organisation.The Tobacco Atlas. 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