{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T09:57:08Z","timestamp":1789207028318,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,19]],"date-time":"2009-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by a triphasic clinical course, the morphologic expansion of a terminally differentiated myeloid cell and the presence of the <jats:italic>BCR\u2010ABL1<\/jats:italic> fusion gene, the hallmark of CML. The fusion gene is usually, but not always, associated with a Philadelphia chromosome, the result of a reciprocal exchange of genetic material between chromosome 22 and chromosome 9, which leads to the production of the activated <jats:italic>BCR\u2010ABL1<\/jats:italic> gene and oncoprotein. The breakpoint in the BCR gene occurs commonly downstream of exons e13 or e14 (M\u2010BCR) and less frequently downstream of exons e1 and e2 (m\u2010<jats:italic>BCR<\/jats:italic>). Less than 1% of cases carry a breakpoint downstream of exon 6 or 8 (\u201cvariant fusion genes\u201d) or exon 19 (\u03bc\u2010<jats:italic>BCR<\/jats:italic>). Breakpoints in the <jats:italic>ABL1<\/jats:italic> gene cluster upstream of exon a2 (or of exon a3 in less than 5% of patients with CML). Conventional cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and molecular testing for the BCR\u2010ABL1 fusion gene are key investigations for the diagnosis and monitoring of CML. Treatment using tyrosine kinase inhibitors has revolutionized the management of CML with hematologic and cytogenetic response within 12\u201318 months observed in &gt;85% of patients. Nevertheless, between 15 and 20% of patients may evolve to blastic phase. Measurement of low level or \u201cminimal\u201d residual disease using molecular tests is becoming the gold\u2010standard approach to measure response to therapy due to its higher sensitivity compared to other routine techniques. The technical aspects and clinical applications of molecular monitoring will be the main focus of this article. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,19]],"date-time":"2009-05-19T20:03:50Z","timestamp":1242763430000},"page":"517-522","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Technical aspects and clinical applications of measuring <i>BCR\u2010ABL1<\/i> transcripts number in chronic myeloid leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Letizia","family":"Foroni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gareth","family":"Gerrard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Nna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamshid Sorouri","family":"Khorashad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryony","family":"Swale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dragana","family":"Milojkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alistair","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"1497","article-title":"A minute chromosome in human chronic granulocytic leukemia","volume":"132","author":"Nowell P","year":"1960","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"109","article-title":"Identification of a translocation with quinacrine fluorescence in a patient with acute leukemia","volume":"16","author":"Rowley JD","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ann Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/315550a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2147"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.22.12804"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V80.12.2983.2983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V88.7.2375.bloodjournal8872375"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V88.6.2236.bloodjournal8862236"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2008.01170.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V88.7.2410.bloodjournal8872410","article-title":"Neutrophilic\u2010chronic myeloid leukemia: A distinct disease with a specific molecular marker (BCR\/ABL with C3\/A2 junction)","volume":"88","author":"Pane F","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0596-561"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200104053441401"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-0259"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90021-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403135"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V82.6.1929.1929"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.4.5.283"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2007.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.15.5698"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.085472"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030513"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-04-150680"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2007.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2402680"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403664"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-06-162388"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3308","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.8154","article-title":"Imatinib for newly diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: Incidence of sustained responses in an intention\u2010to\u2010treat analysis","volume":"26","author":"de Lavallade H","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","article-title":"Delayed achievement of cytogenetic and molecular response is associated with increased risk of progression among patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in early chronic phase receiving high\u2010dose or standard\u2010dose imatinib therapy","author":"Quintas\u2010Cardama A","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/84.2.161"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.13.2373"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.07646.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-08-3320"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.16.9953"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21380"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-06-096396"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.031112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.05.531"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajh.21457","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajh.21457","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T16:52:29Z","timestamp":1700067149000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajh.21457"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,18]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajh.21457"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.21457","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0361-8609","1096-8652"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0361-8609","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-8652","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,18]]}}}