{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:48:27Z","timestamp":1791276507410,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,31]],"date-time":"2011-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Renal complications affect nearly 30\u201350% of adults with sickle cell anemia (SCA), causing significant morbidity and mortality. Standard renal function tests like serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate become abnormal in this disease only when renal damage has become extensive and largely irreversible. Moreover, not all patients develop sickle nephropathy (SN). Therefore, noninvasive biomarkers that predict early onset of SN are necessary. We performed a cross\u2010sectional analysis for nephropathy in 116 patients with sickle cell disease, analyzing urinary kidney injury molecule\u20101 (KIM\u20101), liver\u2010type fatty acid binding protein (L\u2010FABP),\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010acetyl\u2010b\u2010\n                    <jats:sc>D<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010glucosaminidase (NAG), neutrophil gelatinase\u2010associated lipocalin (NGAL) and transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b21 (TGF\u2010\u03b2), together with conventional renal biomarkers (urine albumin and osmolality, and serum creatinine and cystatin C estimated GFR) during routine clinic visits when patients were at steady\u2010state\/baseline. We observed a distinct biomarker pattern: KIM\u20101 and NAG emerged as biomarkers with a strong association with albuminuria. Surprisingly, and in contrast to other acute\/chronic renal disorders, NGAL, L\u2010FABP, and TGF\u2010\u03b2 levels did not show any relationship with albuminuria in patients with SCA. Our study identifies potential biomarkers for SN, and suggests longitudinal validation of these biomarkers for early detection of SN, so that therapeutic interventions can be applied before renal damage becomes irreversible. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. \u00a9 2011 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.22045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,4]],"date-time":"2011-04-04T11:20:35Z","timestamp":1301916035000},"page":"559-566","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Biomarkers for early detection of sickle 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