{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T22:25:49Z","timestamp":1791584749223,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,24]],"date-time":"2012-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an increasingly common complication encountered in tertiary care pediatric settings. The purpose of this review is to summarize the epidemiology, current and emerging pharmacotherapeutic options, and management of this disease. Over 70% of VTE occur in children with chronic diseases. Although they are seen in children of all ages, adolescents are at greatest risk. Pediatric VTE is associated with an increased risk of in\u2010hospital mortality; recurrent VTE and post\u2010thrombotic syndrome are commonly seen in survivors. In recent years, anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin has emerged as the mainstay of therapy, but compliance is limited by its onerous subcutaneous administration route. New anticoagulants either already approved for use in adults or in the pipeline offer the possibility of improved dose stability and oral routes of administration. Current recommended anticoagulation course durations are derived from very limited case series and cohort data, or extrapolations from adult literature. However, the pathophysiologic underpinnings of pediatric VTE are dissimilar from those seen in adults and are often variable within groups of pediatric patients. Clinical studies and trials in pediatric VTE are underway which will hopefully improve the quality of evidence from which therapeutic guidelines are derived. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,25]],"date-time":"2012-01-25T11:58:29Z","timestamp":1327492709000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Current and future management of pediatric venous thromboembolism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Bryce A.","family":"Kerlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0768"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2008.02.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V83.5.1251.1251"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.23388"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","article-title":"Health care expenditures associated with venous thromboembolism among children","author":"Boulet SL","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.03.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1538-7836.2003.00308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-11-4211"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.4.858"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14779072.6.3.411"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.789008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2010.08543.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0762"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2003.00139.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-996103"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V70.1.165.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199401000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-200003000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.1.e10"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1160\/TH03-09-0571","article-title":"Heparin\u2010induced thrombocytopenia in children: 12 new cases and review of the literature","volume":"91","author":"Klenner AF","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2010.08163.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2006.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V86.4.1368.bloodjournal8641368"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1D308"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH05-03-0215"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-08-372722"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-05-283861"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","volume-title":"Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools (RePORT)","author":"Hines RN","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V81.1.77.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1648451","article-title":"Report of scientific and standardization subcommittee on neonatal hemostasis diagnosis and treatment of neonatal thrombosis","volume":"67","author":"Schmidt B","year":"1992","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000155943.07244.04"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH10-09-0608"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2010.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-12-061234"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22146"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/58.suppl_2.S14","article-title":"Fondaparinux sodium: a selective inhibitor of factor Xa","volume":"58","author":"Bauer KA","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.23011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2007.02624.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00014339"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-002-2091-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4809"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270010365550"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22852"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_2","volume-title":"Argatroban \u2010 Prescribing Information","author":"GlaxoSmithKline USA","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH07-10-0644"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2007.02623.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.22817"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_2","volume-title":"The UNBLOCK Study: Utilization of Bivalirudin On Clots in Kids","author":"Young G","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_2","volume-title":"Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals. Safety and Tolerability of Dabigatran Etexilate Solution in Children,1 to < 12 Years of Age","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_2","volume-title":"Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals. Safety and Tolerability of Dabigatran Etexilate in Adolescents","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01377.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-10-314773"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_2","first-page":"106","article-title":"Antithrombin\u2010independent thrombin inhibitors, but not direct factor Xa inhibitors, enhance thrombin generation in plasma through inhibition of thrombin\u2010thrombomodulin\u2010protein C system","author":"Furugohri T","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.139402"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_2","volume-title":"Integrated executive summary of FDA review for NDA,21\u2013686 Exanta. (Ximelagatran). FDA Executive Summary","author":"FDA","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0905561"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm050101d"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_60_2","volume-title":"Rivaroxaban Pharmacokinetics\/Pharmacodynamics (PK\/PD) Study in Pediatric Subjects","author":"Bayer Healthcare AG","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_61_2","volume-title":"Bristol\u2010Myers Squibb. Multiple\u2010Dose Study Apixaban in Pediatric Subjects With an Indwelling Central Venous Catheter","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_62_2","volume-title":"Bristol\u2010Myers Squibb. A Phase III Study of Apixaban in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (AVERROES)","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_63_2","volume-title":"Bristol\u2010Myers Squibb. Efficacy and Safety Study of Apixaban for the Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis or Pulmonary Embolism","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH10-01-0080"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2010.539250"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2005.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(03)00059-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00062752-200309000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00987.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_70_2","volume-title":"Identification and Treatment of Clinically Silent Catheter\u2010Related Deep Vein Thrombosis in Children With Cancer (DVT)","author":"Journeycake J","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.05.5343"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.09.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2008.02901.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.96.5.939","article-title":"Neonatal thrombosis: Report of a prospective Canadian and international registry","volume":"96","author":"Schmidt B","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.118192"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2008.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00062752-200309000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2005.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-05-2048"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.01753.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0670"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-006-5581-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.07820.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2010.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21231"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040161"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2009.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_88_2","volume-title":"Evaluation of the Duration of Therapy for Thrombosis in Children (Kids\u2010DOTT)","author":"Goldenberg NA","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)03580-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(02)73605-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-07-231084"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21665"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.06.9930"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(87)80010-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_97_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tissue factor expression by common pediatric malignant tumors: A pilot feasibility study (abstract)","volume":"15","author":"Kerlin BA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.01.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-996100"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2008.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.594952"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh104"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2011.04433.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31820eb8a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2003.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-07-199174"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22077"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajh.23131","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajh.23131","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T17:38:55Z","timestamp":1697477935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajh.23131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,24]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajh.23131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.23131","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0361-8609","1096-8652"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0361-8609","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-8652","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,24]]}}}