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Other disease features include leukocytosis, splenomegaly, thrombohemorrhagic complications, vasomotor disturbances, pruritus, and a small risk of disease progression into acute myeloid leukemia or myelofibrosis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Diagnosis:<\/jats:italic>Almost all patients with PV harbor a<jats:italic>JAK2<\/jats:italic>mutation. When PV is suspected, the presence of a<jats:italic>JAK2<\/jats:italic>mutation confirms the diagnosis and its absence, combined with normal or increased serum erythropoietin level, excludes the diagnosis. Differential diagnosis of ET had to include chronic myelogenous leukemia and prefibrotic myelofibrosis. A<jats:italic>JAK2<\/jats:italic>mutation is found in approximately 60% of patients with ET.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Risk stratification:<\/jats:italic>Current risk stratification in PV and ET is designed to estimate the likelihood of thrombotic complications: high\u2010risk is defined by the presence of age &gt;60 years or presence of thrombosis history; low\u2010risk is defined by the absence of both of these two risk factors. Presence of extreme thrombocytosis (platelet count &gt;1,000 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/L) might be associated with acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AvWS) and, therefore, risk of bleeding. Risk factors for shortened survival in both PV and ET include advanced age, leukocytosis, and history of thrombosis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Risk\u2010adapted therapy:<\/jats:italic>Survival is near\u2010normal in ET and reasonably long in PV. The 10\u2010year risk of leukemic\/fibrotic transformation is &lt;1%\/1% in ET and &lt;3%\/10% in PV. In contrast, the risk of thrombosis exceeds 20%. The main goal of therapy is therefore to prevent thrombohemorrhagic complications and this is effectively and safely accomplished by the use of low\u2010dose aspirin (PV and ET), phlebotomy (PV) and hydroxyurea (high risk PV and ET). Treatment with busulfan or interferon\u2010\u03b1 is usually effective in hydroxyurea failures. Screening for clinically significant AvWS is recommended before administrating aspirin in the presence of extreme thrombocytosis. Am. J. Hematol. 87:285\u2013293, 2012. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]],"date-time":"2012-02-13T12:28:08Z","timestamp":1329136088000},"page":"284-293","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["Polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia: 2012 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and 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