{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T11:41:53Z","timestamp":1768822913121,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,6]],"date-time":"2013-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"Case reports of Burkitt lymphoma (BL<\/jats:styled-content>) in transplant recipients suggest that the risk is markedly elevated. Therefore, we investigated the incidence of BL<\/jats:styled-content> in 203,557 solid organ recipients in the U.S. Transplant Cancer Match Study (1987\u20132009) and compared it with the general population using standardized incidence ratios. We also assessed associations with demographic and clinical characteristics, and treatments used to induce therapeutic immunosuppression. BL<\/jats:styled-content> incidence was 10.8 per 100,000 person\u2010years, representing 23\u2010fold (95% confidence interval (CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 19\u201328) greater risk than in the general population, and it peaked 3\u20138 years after the time of transplantation. In adjusted analyses, BL incidence was higher in recipients transplanted when <18 vs. \u226535 years (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 3.49, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.08\u20135.68) and in those transplanted with a liver (IRR 2.91, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.68\u20135.09) or heart (IRR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.39, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.30\u20134.31) compared with kidney. BL<\/jats:styled-content> incidence was lower in females than males (IRR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.45, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.28\u20130.71), in blacks than whites (IRR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.33, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.12\u20130.74), in those with a baseline Epstein\u2010Barr virus (EBV<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010seropositive versus EBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010seronegative status (IRR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.34, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.13\u20130.93), and in those treated with azathioprine (IRR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.56, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.34\u20130.89) or corticosteroids (IRR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.48, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.29\u20130.82). Tumors were EBV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive in 69% of 32 cases with results. EBV<\/jats:styled-content> positivity was 90% in those aged <18 years and 59% in those aged 18+ years. In conclusion, BL<\/jats:styled-content> risk is markedly elevated in transplant recipients, and it is associated with certain demographic and clinical features. EBV<\/jats:styled-content> was positive in most but not all BL cases with results. Am. J. Hematol. 88:245\u2013250, 2013. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,28]],"date-time":"2012-12-28T04:55:10Z","timestamp":1356670510000},"page":"245-250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Burkitt lymphoma risk in U.S. solid organ transplant recipients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Sam M.","family":"Mbulaiteye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina A.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention Institute of California Fremont California"},{"name":"Department of Health Research and Policy and Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsay M.","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd M.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Pawlish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Services New Jersey Department of Health Trenton New Jersey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis D.","family":"Weisenburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology City of Hope National Medical Center Duarte California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles F.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc T.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center, University of Hawaii Honolulu Hawaii"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Engels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18004619704"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"262","volume-title":"Burkitt Lymphoma","author":"Leoncini 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