{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:51:09Z","timestamp":1787770269126,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,14]],"date-time":"2014-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Children with sickle cell anemia have a high prevalence of silent cerebral infarcts (SCIs) that are associated with decreased full\u2010scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ). While the educational attainment of parents is a known strong predictor of the cognitive development of children in general, the role of parental education in sickle cell anemia along with other factors that adversely affect cognitive function (anemia, cerebral infarcts) is not known. We tested the hypothesis that both the presence of SCI and parental education would impact FSIQ in children with sickle cell anemia. A multicenter, cross\u2010sectional study was conducted in 19 US sites of the Silent Infarct Transfusion Trial among children with sickle cell anemia, age 5\u201315 years. All were screened for SCIs. Participants with and without SCI were administered the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. A total of 150 participants (107 with and 43 without SCIs) were included in the analysis. In a multivariable linear regression model for FSIQ, the absence of college education for the head of household was associated with a decrease of 6.2 points (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005); presence of SCI with a 5.2 point decrease (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017); each $1000 of family income per capita with a 0.33 point increase (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.023); each increase of 1 year in age with a 0.96 point decrease (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.023); and each 1% (absolute) decrease in hemoglobin oxygen saturation with 0.75 point decrease (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.030). In conclusion, FSIQ in children with sickle cell anemia is best accounted for by a multivariate model that includes both biologic and socioenvironmental factors. Am. J. Hematol. 89:162\u2013167, 2014. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T02:07:41Z","timestamp":1381543661000},"page":"162-167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":163,"title":["Parent education and biologic factors influence on cognition in sickle cell anemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Allison A.","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Occupational Therapy and Department of Pediatrics Hematology\/Oncology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Strouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Medicine Division of Hematology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Rodeghier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rodeghier Consultants Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce E.","family":"Compas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Human Development Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James F.","family":"Casella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Hematology the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"McKinstry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Noetzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics Washington University School of Medicine St Louis Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles T.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Hematology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Ichord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Dowling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Children's Medical Center Dallas Dallas Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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