{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:36:22Z","timestamp":1761708982592},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,20]],"date-time":"2014-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\u2003<jats:bold><jats:italic>Disease Overview<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>:\u2002Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by sustained, mature neutrophilic leukocytosis, splenomegaly, and bone marrow granulocytic hyperplasia.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2003<jats:bold><jats:italic>Diagnosis<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>:\u2002Key diagnostic criteria include leukocytosis of <jats:styled-content>&gt;<\/jats:styled-content>25 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/l (of which &gt;80% are neutrophils) with &lt;10% and &lt;1% circulating immature granulocytes and myeloblasts, respectively. There should be no dysplasia, monocytosis, molecular evidence of <jats:italic>BCR\u2010ABL1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PDGFRA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PDGFRB<\/jats:italic>, or <jats:italic>FGRF1<\/jats:italic> rearrangements and no identifiable cause for physiologic neutrophilia or, if present, demonstration of myeloid clonality.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2003<jats:bold><jats:italic>Developments in Molecular Genetics<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold>:\u2002Recently, CNL has been shown to be specifically driven by somatic activating mutations of <jats:italic>CSF3R<\/jats:italic>, most commonly <jats:italic>CSF3R<\/jats:italic> T618I. As such, the diagnosis of CNL will no longer be one of exclusion only, and revision of the current WHO classification is anticipated to include the molecular criterion of mutated <jats:italic>CSF3R<\/jats:italic>. Am. J. 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