{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T18:02:53Z","timestamp":1769277773677,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,30]],"date-time":"2015-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL117329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL117329"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Quantification of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) undergoing hydroxyurea or chronic transfusion therapy is essential to monitoring the effectiveness of these therapies. The clinical monitoring of %HbS using conventional laboratory methods is limited by high per\u2010test costs and long turnaround times usually associated with these methods. Here we demonstrate a simple, rapid, inexpensive paper\u2010based assay capable of quantifying %HbS in blood samples from patients with SCD. A 20 \u03bcL droplet of whole blood and hemoglobin solubility buffer was deposited on chromatography paper. The relative color intensities of regions of the resulting blood stain, determined by automated image analysis, are used to estimate %HbS. We compared the paper\u2010based assay with hemoglobin electrophoresis (comparison method) using blood samples from 88 subjects. The test shows high correlation (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.86) and strong agreement (standard deviation of difference\u2009=\u20097%HbS) with conventional Hb electrophoresis measurement of %HbS, and closely approximates clinically predicted change in %HbS with transfusion therapy (mean difference 2.6%HbS, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095). The paper\u2010based assay can be completed in less than 35 min and has a per\u2010test cost less than $0.25. The assay is accurate across a wide range of HbS levels (10\u201397%) and hemoglobin concentrations (5.6\u201312.9 g\/dL) and is unaffected by high levels of HbF (up to 80.6%). This study demonstrates the feasibility of the paper\u2010based %HbS assay. The paper\u2010based test could improve clinical care for SCD, particularly in resource\u2010limited settings, by enabling more rapid and less expensive %HbS monitoring. Am. J. Hematol. 90:478\u2013482, 2015. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,16]],"date-time":"2015-02-16T20:08:45Z","timestamp":1424117325000},"page":"478-482","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A rapid paper\u2010based test for quantifying sickle hemoglobin in blood samples from patients with sickle cell disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Nathaniel Z.","family":"Piety","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering University of Houston Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering University of Houston Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dalia","family":"Lezzar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering University of Houston Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hematology\u2010Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergey S.","family":"Shevkoplyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering University of Houston Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17192-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61029-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"Rossi's Principles of Transfusion Medicine","author":"Simon TL","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2006.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","volume-title":"Technical Manual","author":"Roback JD","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10739680490278600"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2005.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/46.8.1284"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2003.008037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3lc41302k"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(53)90444-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4594756"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2013.204701"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b12092"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"307","article-title":"Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement","volume":"1","author":"Bl JM","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a011783"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajh.23980","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajh.23980","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T14:18:59Z","timestamp":1695478739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajh.23980"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,30]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajh.23980"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.23980","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0361-8609","1096-8652"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0361-8609","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-8652","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,30]]}}}